Hey guys! I haven't uploaded my hand drawn notes in a loong time.. So here you go -
Wednesday, January 29, 2014
Tuesday, January 28, 2014
HLA subtype associated diseases mnemonics
Hi everyone!
Here's a complete guide on how to remember the HLA associations. Let's catch em all!
Doctors (DR) will turn into MD's someday.. The thought makes you go, "Aah"
Starting with 2 and ending with 5, your mnemonic for DR associations is "MD.. AAH!"
HLA DR2 - Multiple sclerosis
HLA DR3 - Diabetes mellitus type 1
HLA DR4 - Arthritis (Rheumatoid, also the one associated with Lyme's disease)
HLA DR5 - Anemia (Pernicious, causing B12 deficiency)
HLA DR5 - Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Here's a complete guide on how to remember the HLA associations. Let's catch em all!
Doctors (DR) will turn into MD's someday.. The thought makes you go, "Aah"
Starting with 2 and ending with 5, your mnemonic for DR associations is "MD.. AAH!"
HLA DR2 - Multiple sclerosis
HLA DR3 - Diabetes mellitus type 1
HLA DR4 - Arthritis (Rheumatoid, also the one associated with Lyme's disease)
HLA DR5 - Anemia (Pernicious, causing B12 deficiency)
HLA DR5 - Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Saturday, January 25, 2014
Noradrenaline and adrenaline mnemonic
Epinephrine is so epic that it acts on alpha1, alpha2, beta1 & beta2 receptors.
Norepinephrine does not act on beta2. Not so epic. It acts on alpha1, alpha2 and beta1 receptors.
Which one is found in circulation and which one is released by nerve endings?
N for Nerves. Noradrenaline from nerve endings only.
Epinephrine is found in circulation.
*sings* I feel the adrenaline moving through my veins.
Norepinephrine does not act on beta2. Not so epic. It acts on alpha1, alpha2 and beta1 receptors.
Which one is found in circulation and which one is released by nerve endings?
N for Nerves. Noradrenaline from nerve endings only.
Epinephrine is found in circulation.
*sings* I feel the adrenaline moving through my veins.
Thursday, January 23, 2014
Tuesday, January 14, 2014
Hand of Benediction and clawing mnemonic
"My BF"
Median nerve injury causes Hand of Benediction hand when patient is asked to make a fist (or flex fingers).
"BE U"
Hand of Benediction hand when asked to extend fingers is caused by Ulnar nerve injury.
Median nerve injury causes Hand of Benediction hand when patient is asked to make a fist (or flex fingers).
"BE U"
Hand of Benediction hand when asked to extend fingers is caused by Ulnar nerve injury.
Monday, January 13, 2014
Defense mechanisms with images
I was learning defense mechanisms and I found really good illustrations, pictures and comics on them.
I thought of putting them all together in one place so everyone else can see and revise them faster! I also added some side notes here and there.
I thought of putting them all together in one place so everyone else can see and revise them faster! I also added some side notes here and there.
Sunday, January 12, 2014
Medicowesome Flashcards 4 download
As you all know, I've been making flashcards as images so that I can put it in my cellphone or tab and revise them while I'm traveling ^_^
Here's the download link as promised:
Here's the download link as promised:
Antipsychotics names and side effects mnemonic
Hey everyone!
High potency antipsychotics have extrapyramidal side effects.
Low potency antipsychotics have anticholinergic side effects.
I made this silly and lame rap to remember -
High potency antipsychotics have extrapyramidal side effects.
Low potency antipsychotics have anticholinergic side effects.
I made this silly and lame rap to remember -
Saturday, January 11, 2014
How I remember duration of brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform & schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is diagnosed if the symptoms persist for 6 months or more.
Brief psychotic disorder is when the duration of symptoms is less than one month.
If the symptoms have persisted for at least one month and last less than 6 months of onset, the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder is made.
Brief psychotic disorder is when the duration of symptoms is less than one month.
If the symptoms have persisted for at least one month and last less than 6 months of onset, the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder is made.
Friday, January 10, 2014
Thursday, January 9, 2014
Submissions: Mnemonic for arterial involvement in atherosclerosis
The aorta is most commonly involved by atherosclerosis; followed by coronaries, popliteal arteries, carotids and circle of Willis.
Mnemonic: Aortic crocodiles popping from car of Willis.
This is high yield information, I remember an multiple choice question being asked in my Pathology exam on this. They particularly asked which part of the aorta is most commonly involved in atherosclerosis. So don't forget that it's the abdominal aorta!
Here is a nice image to go with the mnemonic to help you remember:
Mnemonic: Aortic crocodiles popping from car of Willis.
This is high yield information, I remember an multiple choice question being asked in my Pathology exam on this. They particularly asked which part of the aorta is most commonly involved in atherosclerosis. So don't forget that it's the abdominal aorta!
Here is a nice image to go with the mnemonic to help you remember:
Monday, January 6, 2014
Baroreceptors mnemonic
I didn't have time to edit so I uploaded the video in it's very raw form.
Hope it helps though! =)
Hope it helps though! =)
Saturday, January 4, 2014
Cell mnemonics
Layers of the epidermis mnemonic:
"Cornea is lucid, granules are spiny"
Silly association to remember the sequence: Cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and the base is always the innermost layer.
Cornified layer (stratum corneum)
Clear/translucent layer (stratum lucidum, only in palms and soles)
Granular layer (stratum granulosum)
Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)
Basal/germinal layer (stratum basale/germinativum)
Sarcomere with various bands mnemonic:
Z is the end of the alphabet and Z is the end of the sarcomere.
M is the middle of the alphabet and M is in the middle of the sarcomere.
Attached to the M line are your Mighty Myosin (Mighty = thick filaments)
"My tits" (Sorry for the vulgar language) is for remembering that myosin is attached by titin to the Z line.
Actin (acthin) is the thin filament attached to the Z line.
H is a thick letter so only thick filaments are found in the H band.
I is a thin letter so I band has only thin filaments!
Myosin doesn't like to change and is very bossy. So it not only took the middle M letter for the M line, but also took the A alphabet to represent itself (How mean, poor Actin! T_T)
PS: A band represents the thick filaments irrespective of the overlap, unlike H band.
So during contraction, A band doesn't change (The myosin only part)
The H and I band changes in width during contraction.
Cell junctions mnemonic:
"Cornea is lucid, granules are spiny"
Silly association to remember the sequence: Cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and the base is always the innermost layer.
Cornified layer (stratum corneum)
Clear/translucent layer (stratum lucidum, only in palms and soles)
Granular layer (stratum granulosum)
Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)
Basal/germinal layer (stratum basale/germinativum)
Sarcomere with various bands mnemonic:
Z is the end of the alphabet and Z is the end of the sarcomere.
M is the middle of the alphabet and M is in the middle of the sarcomere.
Attached to the M line are your Mighty Myosin (Mighty = thick filaments)
"My tits" (Sorry for the vulgar language) is for remembering that myosin is attached by titin to the Z line.
Actin (acthin) is the thin filament attached to the Z line.
H is a thick letter so only thick filaments are found in the H band.
I is a thin letter so I band has only thin filaments!
Myosin doesn't like to change and is very bossy. So it not only took the middle M letter for the M line, but also took the A alphabet to represent itself (How mean, poor Actin! T_T)
PS: A band represents the thick filaments irrespective of the overlap, unlike H band.
So during contraction, A band doesn't change (The myosin only part)
The H and I band changes in width during contraction.
Cell junctions mnemonic:
Thursday, January 2, 2014
Mean systemic filling pressure
I never understood what it meant.
I found myself wondering.. What the heck is "The tightness with which the circulatory system is filled with blood." and what do you mean by "Pressure that exists in the vascular system if the cardiac output stops"?
Until one fine day I finally got it.
If you don't understand all those complicated (yet simple) terminologies and definitions.. You are just like me.. And I'm here to help you out =D
Here is how I understand it!
Imagine blood vessels are talking -
I found myself wondering.. What the heck is "The tightness with which the circulatory system is filled with blood." and what do you mean by "Pressure that exists in the vascular system if the cardiac output stops"?
Until one fine day I finally got it.
If you don't understand all those complicated (yet simple) terminologies and definitions.. You are just like me.. And I'm here to help you out =D
Here is how I understand it!
Imagine blood vessels are talking -
Mean systemic filling pressure simplified |
Monday, December 30, 2013
Sunday, December 29, 2013
Saturday, December 28, 2013
Which cell secretes what? Gastric mucosa histology mnemonics
"pH" for Parietal cells secrete H+ ions.
Parietal cells are also known as oxyntic cells.
"PC" for Pepsin is secreted by Chief cells.
(Chief cells are also known as peptic cells or zymogen cells.)
Alternate mnemonic: I think of master chef making food rich in proteins, peptides being degraded by pepsin and that's how I remember the association that Chief cells secrete Pepsin.
G for G cells & G for Gastrin. (Hah! That was easy!)
S for S cells & S for Secretin! (Medicine is easy!)
Parietal cells are also known as oxyntic cells.
"PC" for Pepsin is secreted by Chief cells.
(Chief cells are also known as peptic cells or zymogen cells.)
Alternate mnemonic: I think of master chef making food rich in proteins, peptides being degraded by pepsin and that's how I remember the association that Chief cells secrete Pepsin.
G for G cells & G for Gastrin. (Hah! That was easy!)
S for S cells & S for Secretin! (Medicine is easy!)
Thursday, December 26, 2013
Cardiac Output and Venous Return curve mnemonic
Let's have some fun! =D
A diagram to brush up your memory..
(And to remind you it's all simple & easy and that you've got this!!)
I used to freak out when I first starting seeing this graph and related multiple choice questions in question banks. It's only in a matter of time that I realized these problems need only three variables to be figured out to choose the right answer!
A diagram to brush up your memory..
(And to remind you it's all simple & easy and that you've got this!!)
Cardiac Output and Venous Return curve simplified |
Wednesday, December 25, 2013
Case scenarios: When you don't give patients 100% O2 and why
Clinical scenario #1: Chronic lung disease patient.
The ventilatory drive of patients with chronic lung disease is primary due to their hypoxemia, rather than CO2 levels. This is because pCO2 receptors are adaptive. Chronically elevated pCO2 makes central receptors unresponsive in COPD patients. Administration of a high O2 mixture to relieve the hypoxemia is contraindicated because this removes the hypoxic drive, leading to severe hypoventilation.
Clinical scenario #2: Drug overdose where central receptors are blocked.
The ventilatory drive of patients with chronic lung disease is primary due to their hypoxemia, rather than CO2 levels. This is because pCO2 receptors are adaptive. Chronically elevated pCO2 makes central receptors unresponsive in COPD patients. Administration of a high O2 mixture to relieve the hypoxemia is contraindicated because this removes the hypoxic drive, leading to severe hypoventilation.
Clinical scenario #2: Drug overdose where central receptors are blocked.
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