Formulation, absorption and associated side effect of dabigatran

Did you know that the absorption of dabigatran etexilate is dependent on an acid environment in the stomach?

This is why it is formulated together with tartaric acid pellets. These pellets provide an acidic environment, which increases drug dissolution and absorption, regardless of variations in gastric pH. This is also why the absorption is not affected by the coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor.

A lower pH is associated with dyspepsia, esophagitis, and plays a part in the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

-IkaN

Lyme's disease - a review

 Hi!

Lyme's disease/ Lyme borreliosis

A patient with a typical history of frequent visits to the woods with bull's eye rash, neurologic features, cardiac abnormalities, and musculoskeletal features.

Modified Duke criteria for Infective endocarditis | Mnemonic

The moderator band of the right ventricle

The moderator band is an intra-cavitary structure in the right ventricle (RV) spanning from the lower limit of the inflow tract of the RV anterior septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the RV free wall.

It carries a fascicle of the right bundle that allows for rapid activation of the RV free wall.

That's all!

-IkaN

All mnemonics for how to determine axis deviation of EKG

Hello Everybody! 

Before reading this post I would like to suggest please see both the videos of How to determine axis deviation in real scenarios... Then come back here for summary & some extra mnemonics. 

Hope it’ll definitely helps you! 

https://youtu.be/306jxLzyyag

https://youtu.be/7FHNmM-V2c0

How to remember numbers...? 

“Isoelectric Method” 

You are in front of me ... as arrows in the image..... 

I is perpendicular to avF ..

II  to avL 

III to  avR .....

So finally I & you are the leads 😂. 

Thank you..!! 

-Dr. Drashtant!

Types of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)

 Types of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)

LVH = increase in the mass of the left ventricle (LV)

Caused due to:

1. enlargement of the muscle cells

2. extracellular fibrosis

Concentric LVH 

- occurs in response to pressure overload

- examples: aortic stenosis or hypertension

- associated with: reduced cavity size

Eccentric hypertrophy

- occurs in response to volume overload

 -examples: aortic or mitral regurgitation

- associated with: dilation

LVH is also classified based on the cause

Due to primary condition (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)

Secondary to pathology (hypertension, myocardial infarction, and valvular heart disease)

That's all!

-IkaN

PDA dependent Congenital Heart Diseases mnemonic for step 2 CK

 

 

Determining axis of EKG (isoelectric method) practice tracings

How to determine axis of EKG (number, isoelectric method) with mnemonic

Shunt fraction and its importance

 Hello Awesomites! :D

Atrial fibrillation (part 1) by Dr. Huzefa Bhopalwala

 

Atrial myxoma song

By Huzefa Bhopalwala

Mechanism of action of lipid-lowering drugs

Hey everyone! 

I wanted to talk about the new lipid-lowering drug, bempedoic acid. But first, let’s just quickly go through the mechanism of action of the existing lipid-lowering drugs:

Statin reduces cholesterol synthesis by HMG-CoA Reductase inhibition.

Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption from the intestine.

Fragmented QRS

Fun fact: Fragmented QRS can be caused by conduction around the scarred myocardium, resulting in multiple spikes within the QRS complex.

-IkaN

No-reflow or low reflow phenomenon in total coronary artery occlusion

What is the no-reflow or low reflow phenomenon?

If blood flow to the ischemic tissue continues to be impeded after relief of the occlusion.

Why does this happen?

After prolonged cessation of coronary perfusion and restoration of blood flow to the epicardial coronary arteries, structural damage occurs to the microvasculature that prevents the restoration of normal blood flow to the cardiac myocytes. Various mechanisms are implicated in the genesis of the no-reflow phenomenon.

Clinical correlates: Epinephrine vs Norepinephrine reversal

Hey Awesome peeps :)

This post is about variation in the effects of epi- and norepinephrine depending on its dose.

High-yield : Risk of stroke with cardioversion

Hello

Electrical/chemical cardioversion performed in a case of atrial fibrillation may carry a high-risk of stroke, especially if >48 hours of time has passed (thrombus formation takes about 48 hours).

Causes of holosystolic murmur mnemonic

Hello

Causes of holosystolic murmur: MTV reality shows
- Mitral regurgitation
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Ventricular septal defect

- Jaskunwar Singh

High-yield : Absence of tachycardia in cardiac tamponade (mnemonic)

Hello

Tachycardia is a characteristic feature of decreased systolic blood pressure in the patients of cardiac tamponade. However, there are exceptions to be taken care of during diagnosis and workup on the patients with following conditions (absence of tachycardia):

Chest pain in acute pericarditis vs myocardial infarction

Hello

Acute myocardial infarction is one of the miscellaneous causes of acute pericarditis. Differentiating features of chest pain in these two cases are many, but the high-yield points to be noted are:-