And here are the answers *drum roll*
Wednesday, June 10, 2015
Microbiology emoticon game - Part two answers
And here are the answers *drum roll*
The mystery drug
Tuesday, June 9, 2015
Antibiotic associated diarrhea mnemonic
Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea.
How do I remember this?
"Difficile grows when the normal flora are deficient."
Antibiotic associated diarrhea is treated with metronidazole.
How do I remember this?
"Definitely treat difficile with metrodiffizole."
That's all!
-IkaN
Study group discussion: Suprapubic cystostomy experience
So last night, in the emergency department, comes a 65 yr old male complaining of difficulty in passing urine.
On examination: His lower abdomen is distended. A pyriform shaped swelling reaching the umbilicus.
He was having acute retention of urine. Tried introducing a 16 fr catheter. But failed. Next step?
You try intorducing a 10 fr paediatric catheter.
But we didn't have one to our dispense. So we did supra pubic.
What is the procedure?
Palpate and percuss first. Then insert the catheter directly at 90 degree.
The moment I did.. The patient heaved a sigh of relief. On further work up, it was a case of BPH.
How do you make sure you don't injure inferior epigastric vessels?
Midline 4 cm above pubic symphysis. Inferior epigastric vessels are more lateral.
Does dopamine cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
Both! It depends on the rate of infusion.
At low rates of infusion (0.5 to 2 mcg/kg/min), dopamine causes vasodilation that is presumed to be due to a specific agonist action on dopamine receptors in the renal, mesenteric, coronary and intracerebral vascular beds.
At higher rates of infusion (10-20 mcg/kg/min), there is some effect on alpha- adrenoceptors, with consequent vasoconstrictor effects and a rise in blood pressure. The vasoconstrictor effects are first seen in the skeletal muscle vascular beds, but with increasing doses, they are also evident in the renal and mesenteric vessels.
Monday, June 8, 2015
Friday, June 5, 2015
Study group experience #17
Study group discussion: T4 level
Studying the anatomy of the thorax.. Does anyone know the events occurring at T4 level?
At t4 level:
- Arch of aorta starts and ends at this level
- Azygous vein ends here to join SVC
- Trachea divides into primary bronchi
Study group discussion: Food, pain and ulcers
How does food relieve pain in duodenal ulcer and aggravate pain in stomach ulcer?
Food reaching stomach causes acid secretion. Therefore, pain increases.
In case of duodenal ulcer, eating causes pyloric spincter contraction, acid is prevented from reaching the duodenum
Therefore, pain is relieved.
Thursday, June 4, 2015
Beckwith-wiedemann syndrome mnemonic
Beckwith-wiedemann syndrome mnemonic
"Big body"
Macrosomia
"Big tongue"
Macroglossia
"Big abdomen"
Omphalocele
"Big pancreas"
Hyperinsulinemia -> Hypoglycemia
"Big organs"
Visceromegaly
"Likes to get bigger"
Associated with Wilms tumor, gonadoblastoma and neuroblastoma
That's all!
-IkaN
Monday, June 1, 2015
Study group discussion: Pheochromocytoma and eleven
What is rule of 11 for pheochromocytoma?
11% are extra-adrenal
11% are bilateral
11% are malignant
11% are found in children
11% are familial
11% are not associated with hypertension
11% contain calcification