Hello friends! Here's is the simplest way to remember embryology of eye. *Out of all layers (ecto,meso, endo), the endoderm doesn't ...

  HUMPHREY FIELD ANALYSER (HFA) 1.Perimetry should be performed in a distraction-free environment, to enable the patient to concentrate on t...

 What is the hallmark of sickle cell retinopathy? Sea fan neovascularization. All patients with SCD should have dilated funduscopic examinat...

Hello Not just type-5, but Sildenafil is also a phosphodiesterase type-6 inhibitor. PDE-6 is present in the eyes.

Many dystrophies have commonalities. Following are enumerated as under- 1. Associated with TGF Beta1 mutations-        - Epithelial b...

Chin up in what? Chin down in what? The vexing never ends. Well, as it turns out, the word 'vex' itself is here to save the day. ...

A paper published in 2003 has dubbed glaucoma as 'ocular Alzheimer's disease' because some of the pathophysiological elements a...

The progressive nuclear cataract in Rubella may harbor live virus particles.

There are 4 different types of glare- 1. Direct glare- When the source of light is placed in the same or nearly the same direction as t...

This one is for the PGs. The 4 axes and 3 angles are pretty confusing to remember plainly. Here's how I do it.

Hello everyone…. " Story of Cherry 🍒 from farm to crowd " From Farmer ( Mr.Tay Sachs )  Quintal of GM Cherry 🍒 storage...

Most common answer would be the centre. That however is not the case as the light rays pass undeviated right through the centre. In fact,...

It is the motion of the eyeball during lid closure and is a reflex between the occulomotor and the facial nerves.  There are 4 types- 1. No...

Traumatic optic neuropathy is a tough nut to crack. High dose steroids and surgical decompression were the empirical modes of management. Th...

Both have the same presentation of tight lid closure. In dark, blepharospasm won't be completely abolished while photophobia would. An...

Following this are ascribed to Fuch 1. Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis 2. Fuch's corneal endothelial dystrophy 3. Gyrate atrop...

In lipofuscinoses like Stargardt's, fundus flavimaculatus, and Best's disease spectrum, Vitamin A and related compounds are avoided ...

1. Dry AMD is the most common form, but wet AMD is responsible for 90% of the cases of visual loss. 2. Type 1 choroidal neovascular membran...

1. The respiratory rate of the retina is twice that of the brain. 2. The retina does not require insulin for glucose to enter the cells! ...

-Fas ligand/ FasL/ CD95 ligand is a type 2 membrane protein belonging to the TNF superfamily and is found on lymphocytes . -In the eye, it...