Can be used for:
1. Detection of viral DNA in the patient (for diagnosis.)
2. Detection of HIV RNA (as a measure of viral load - track response to therapy.)
3. Detect mutations in the HIV viral DNA (for determining source of therapy failure.)
Hello everybody!
Let's swim through microbiology today and review some swimming related diseases.
Swimming pool conjunctivitis -
Caused by : Adenovirus 3,7 and 14 (tends to occur in children's swimming camps)
Chlamydia Trachomatis.
Swimming pool Granuloma -
Caused by Mycobacterium Marinum.
Swimmer's Itch -
Caused by Schistosoma Mansoni.
Swimmer's Ear - Pseudomonas.
Swimming in contaminated water can also cause Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria Fowleri which is a free living ameba.
If you come across more eponymous swimming diseases do share.
Let's learn Together!
-Medha.
Hello everyone!
Here are some quick important facts for the Human herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6)
HHV-6 affects T cells binds to CD46.
It has two variants 6A and 6B
The 6B variant causes 6th disease (easy to remember HHV-6 causes 6th disease)
also called as Roseola infantum or exanthema subitum in children.
Roseola infantum -The disease is characterized by high grade fever wherein Febrile seizures can be seen.
After the defervescence the Rash classically appears.
One important finding is Nagayama spots which are small reddish papular lesion seen on the soft palate.
In Older age grp causes Infectious Mononucleosis like disease.
If you have more facts on it, Do share!
-Let's Learn Together!
Medha
Hola awesomites!!
So, this is answer of our previous question. Lets have a look into it.
Q1)Which of the following features is not shared between T cells and B cells
a)Antigen specific Receptors
b)Class 1 MHC expression
c)Positive selection during development
d)All of the above
Answer is
C) Positive selection during development
Explanation:
Positive selection:
Site is thymic cortex.
-T cells having affinity for MHC molecules are selected since T cells having affinity for MHC molecules can interect with APC and one who don't have recognisation is killed
Negative selection:
Site:Thymic medulla
Selected T cells are sent to medulla,where there affinity for self antigens are tested.If the have affinity they are programmed to death.
Incase of B cells,if they recognize self antigens they do not undergo death instead there receptors are changed by the process called as "Receptor editing" .If receptor editing dose not take place,then apoptosis takes place.This is negative selection of immature B cells. B cells negative selection occurs in the bone marrow
Both T-cell and B-cell have TCRs and BCRs respectively.
Class I MHC is expressed on both T cells and B cells..
Stay awesome:)
~Ojas
Hello Awesomites!
Let's discuss some facts about Common microbes involved in Acute Osteomyelitis.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common infecting organism found in older children and adults with osteomyelitis.
Gram negative bacteria - vertebral body infections in adults.
Pseudomonas - intravenous drug abusers.
Fungal osteomyelitis - chronically ill patients receiving long-term intravenous therapy or parenteral nutrition.
Salmonella osteomyelitis - Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies - tends to be diaphyseal.
Infants -S. aureus (most common),group B streptococcus & gram-negative coliforms .
Group B streptococcus - otherwise healthy infants 2 to 4 weeks of age.
Animal Bite - Pasteurella
Human Bite - Eikinella
That's all!
Thank you.
MD Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)
Hello awesomites!
Here's a collection of Cutaneous infections/diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
Direct infections of skin or subcutaneous tissue-
1. Cellulitis
2. Impetigo
3.Ecthyma,Erysipelas
4. Vulvovaginitis
5. Perianal infection
6. Streptococcal ulcers
7. Blistering distal dactylitis
8. Necrotizing fasciitis
Secondary infection-
Eczema, infestations, ulcers, etc.
Tissue damage from circulating toxins-
1. Scarlet fever
2. Toxic‐shock‐like syndrome
3. Recurrent toxin‐mediated perineal erythema
Skin lesions due to allergic hypersensitivity to Streptococcal antigens
1. Erythema nodosum
2. Vasculitis
Skin disease provoked or influenced by Streptococcal infection (mechanism uncertain)-
1. Psoriasis, especially guttate forms.
2. Kawasaki disease.
That's all!
MD Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)
Hello guys! Here are some important facts about Brain Abscess.
Most Common site: Frontal lobe
Sequence of involvement: Frontal lobe > Temporal lobe > Parietal Lobe > Occipital lobe.
Most Common site of Brain Abscess in Tetralogy of Fallot: Parietal Lobe.
Most Common site of Brain Abscess in CSOM: Temporal lobe (Mastoiditis).
Most Common organisms involved are Anaerobic bacteria > Staphylococcus aureus > Streptococcus pyogenes.
Empirical therapy: Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole for 4 to 8 weeks.
I hope that it's helpful to you.
Thank you!
MD Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)
Mnemonic to remember the Viral Exanthems of childhood
ME gave ROSE to my BELLA after eating CHICKEN at 5 PM.
ME =MEasles
ROSE= ROSEola
BELLA = ruBELLA
CHICKEN = CHICKEN Pox
5 P= 5th disease (Parvovirus)
Thank you!
-Md Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)