Thursday, April 20, 2017
Edge of an ulcer : An overview
An overview on how edge of an ulcer appears with characteristic identification features depending on the underlying causes: (SPURE)
Sloping edge - Venous ulcer, also seen in traumatic cases. It is red - purplish in color and consists of new healing epithelium. ( spreading type )
Punched out edge - Arterial and Neuropathic ulcer. Edges are punched out at right angles. ( non spreading type )
Undermined edge - Decubitus and Tuberculous ulcer. It spreads rapidly to destroy the surrounding tissue !!
Rolling back - Basal cell Ca. It is characterised by raised, pearly white beaded edge with central necrotic tissue.
Everted edge - Squamous cell Ca. It is a rapidly growing invasive ulcer with heaped up and everted edges.
Thats all
Hope this helps :)
- Jaskunwar Singh
Upper limb joints types mnemonic
From proximal to distal, the joints and its types are:
Shoulder joint - Ball and socket type
Elbow joint - Hinge joint
Radio carpal ( wrist ) joint - Ellipsoidal and biaxial type
Carpo metacarpal joint - Saddle joint
Metacarpo phalyngeal joint - Ellipsoidal ( condylar ) joint
Interphalyngeal joint - Hinge joint
Mnemonic to remember the types, from proximal to distal : BaSu ( Ball and Socket ) writes Hindi ( hinge ) in elliptics ( Ellipsoidal ) but is sadly (Saddle ) condemned ( Condylar ) without hinges .
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Submission ( notes and mnemonic ) by Mayank Kesharwani - ( PS: This is a Hindi Urdu mnemonic )
Bhaiya Hum ESE Hain
Bhaiya - Ball and Socket joint
Hum - Hinge joint
E - Ellipsoidal
S - Saddle
E - Ellipsoidal
Hain - Hinge
Thanks Mayank for sharing :)
Submissions : Tonsillar Bed mnemonic
Tonsillar bed mnemonic ( from within outwards ) :
P(b) S S B(p)
Superior constrictor
Styloglossus
Bucco pharngeal fascia
Submissions : Important vertebral levels
Important vertebral levels for bifurcations:
- Common carotid artery bifurcation - C4 vertebra
- Tracheal bifurcation - T4 ( may ascend or descend upto two vertebrae higher or lower with breathing )
- Abdominal Aorta bifurcation - L4
Important vertebral levels for formations:
- Cricoid cartilage- C5- C6
- Thoracic duct crosses right to left - T5 ( and enters left IJV )
- Inferior Vena Cava formation - L5 ( from two common iliac veins )
Submitted by Mayank Kesharwani
Submissions: Rolando fracture mnemonic
Bartonella henselae and Pasteurella multocida infection mnemonic
Sometimes I confuse the clinical manifestations of these two cat related diseases - Cat scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae and Pasteurella multocida infection caused by cat bites.
I probably wouldn't have confused these two in my step 1 days, but the older you get, the more confusing rare diseases become,
Sooo... Mnemonic!
Preparing for NEET: Part 1
Hello folks,
This is a common post requested as to how to prepare for NEET PG exams.
And as to whether joining classes is really required to get a decent rank.
So today I will share with you a study schedule told to me by my professor. Which takes around 7 month hardcore prep.
Now for a general approach to it
1. Classes are not essential. Classes add only 20% to the entire PG prep of yours.. That's with like max optimum attention and taking down notes vigorously.
2. Don't read standard books. The competition is so high, that the publishers end up increasing the number of pages. Just to make the book more appealing. Reading those books is a waste of your time cause they repeat the explanations over and over again with unnecessary details which will make you take a month atleast to finish a subject like obstetrics.
The only decent book I found was modit khanna for medicine, like the initial pages of high yield notes and the questions and not the explanations. Don't read the explanations unless the answer is not known to you through the high yeild section.
3. Try getting your hands on class notes. Be it DAMS, Bhatia or IAMS. They are all amazing and to the point. And that's what is needed.
4. Get the NEET PG question booklet, by Arvind Arora. A minimum of last five years questions of NEET is a must to solve.
5. Never sit with a pen and a paper or a marker during your first read for any subject. You will end up marking the whole book and write unnecessary notes and wasting a lot of precious time. Save it for your second and third read or when you are confident enough that you know the flow of the subject and now just need to focus on details.
6. While reading if you have any doubts make a point to jot it down and find answers before sleeping or at the end of the week. But do solve them. Cause at the end just before exams these are the doubts that trouble you the most.
7. You need to score only a 75% aggregate to score a decent rank. Like to be in the top 3000. That is very much possible with a 7 month smart prep. For the the fight in between the top 3000 see the next para
8. Imagine yourself after a 24hr emergency duty, back to back and just next day you have to write theory paper of your uni exam.That's a near about situation of how mind stressed you are before neet.
Like it's 20 subjects..and you need to shift your focus from ophthalmology to psm in a matter of seconds. If you can't do that and if you waste your time even like an extra 5 mins on one question then you will be compromising the tail questions and that's when the stress gets to you. You keep looking at the timer and boom you black out.
A solution to this is you need to train your brain to deal with this situation. I have an aggregate of tips from medicowesome authors to deal with this.
- Solve the grand test. Just don't stick to one subject solving be as varied as possible. Like your best shot is solving 100 random questions every day doesn't matter if you know only 5subjects out of the 20, you only need to train your brain to deal with it.
- Solve the questions after an on call or after a very stressful day, give yourself the taste of it. So that your brain will be able to switch attentions during exams.
I feel the battle between the top 3000 rankers all comes down to who switched their attention between questions the fastest. The knowledge is the same it all matters that whether you were able to use it to your best or not.
9. Follow medicowesome :D
A bit cheeky but seriously it helps. Every now and then try reading the various posts. It will help you to condition your brain to all the subjects piece by piece.
10. A lot of questions are photo based. Try making your own picture library like jot down the things of pics you want to search for and look for it at the end of the day or the week end.
11. We don't promote apps and stuff but I would seriously advice downloading the pg prep app from Google play. It has stats to show your progress, daily exams, a 55 thousand question bank, photo questions, subject wise and grand test questions. It is amazing. Go ahead download it if you haven't and stick to it.
12. Have a way to destress yourself during the prep. Like be it running , movie, at a cafe or a novel.
Pg prep is a monotonous dumb thing to do , let's not lie to our selves -_-
You need to keep your engine at a steady pace so that you are able to fast track during the last month before your exam.
Like I personally read manga :D
Weekly updates were my solace and paradise. That's the way I treated myself after I had completed my schedule for the week.
I will upload a seven month prep schedule in part 2.
- Sakkan
Wednesday, April 19, 2017
Myopic Shift : Explanation
Hi everyone ! So this is a short post on the Second Sight or the Myopic Shift seen in Cataract.
So in people who have a hypermetropic / presbyopic power , tend to experience a reduction in their refractive errors when Cataract starts to develop. This is called Myopic Shift or Second sight.
This occurs most commonly in nuclear cataracts. Now why this occurs is , the lens in early stages of Cataract undergoes sclerosis. That increases the Power of the lens ( this increases the refractive index).
Thus it makes the lens slightly more Powerful , or Convex. Due to this it acts as a correction for Hyperopia/ Presbyopia (Where the error was due to a weaker lens. )
This transient Myopic nature of the eye is called the Myopic Shift.
It does go away when the Cataract progresses as the sclerosis begins to reduce refractive surface in the lens.
Hope this helped! Stay awesome !
Happy Studying :)
~ A.P.Burkholderia
Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDM) : A clinical overview
GENERAL BUILT :
- Macrosomia ( birth weight >4,000 gm ) resulting in difficult labor and complications such as traumatic asphyxia, shoulder dystocia, BP injury, etc.
- Large for gestational age
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES :-
- Cyanotic heart disease
- Asymmetric septal hypertrophy ( resulating in small LV )
- Septal defects ( VSD, ASD )
- Transposition of blood vessels
- Decreased cardiac output ( due to perinatal asphyxia and metabolic acidosis )
- Caudal regression syndrome
- Mental retardation
- Hypocalcemia ( levels <7 mg/dL ) occurs within hours to days after birth due to a delay in PTH synthesis after birth, often accompanied with Hypomagnesemia.
Thats all
Hope this helps :)
- Jaskunwar Singh