Clopidogrel is associated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage

 -IkaN

Effusive-Constrictive Pericarditis notes

 The visceral pericardium is usually prominently involved.

In typical cardiac tamponade, right atrial pressures normalize after pericardiocentesis. Conversely, in ECP, increased right atrial pressure persists post-centesis, with constrictive features surfacing after the pericardial fluid has been drained (initially described as the development of deep x and y descents on right atrial tracings following pericardiocentesis).

The diagnosis of ECP is based on invasive hemodynamics, defined by right atrial pressures failing to drop below 10 mmHg or by ≥50% post-pericardiocentesis.

The most common causes of ECP are idiopathic, malignancy, radiation, post-pericardiotomy, and connective tissue diseases. Tuberculosis is the leading cause in sub-Saharan Africa.

In idiopathic and post-pericardiotomy cases, antiinflammatory treatment as described for non-effusive CP may provide a gratifying result with avoidance of pericardiectomy. Still, no guidance is available regarding a specific approach. 

A pericardiectomy is ultimately required in many patients.

-IkaN

Dimensionless index or VTI ratio mnemonic for prosthetic aortic and mitr...

Duty factor mnemonic

ACC/AHA Stages of mitral stenosis echocardiographic criteria mnemonic

Wilkins score grade and mobility mnemonic for rheumatic mitral stenosis

Wilkins score subvalvular thickening mnemonic for mitral stenosis

Wilkins score mnemonic for leaflet thickening (Rheumatic mitral stenosis)

Wilkins score mnemonic for leaflet calcification

Grading system for severity of aortic atherosclerosis mnemonic

Carney complex mnemonic

Critical organ for radionuclides used in cardiology mnemonic for nuclear Cardiology boards

For RBCs labelled with Tc 99m critical organ is the spleen.

Applications of indium-111 antimyosin imaging

Applications of indium-111 antimyosin imaging:

Evaluation of the site, extent and quantitation of the severity of myocardial necrosis.

Myocarditis

Uptake  after 1 year post-transplant is associated with an increased rejection rate

Anthracycline treatment - unclear role

1 mCi = 37 MBq mnemonic for nuclear boards

Lead impedance change threshold and cause

Low lead impedance 

< 200 ohms

Indicate insulation breach

Usually inner insulation in a bipolar coaxial lead

High lead impedance 

> 2000 ohms

Indicate open circuit

Lead fracture or loose set screw

Threshold for surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrome mnemonic

What is the threshold for surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrome? 

5 cm

Marfan, MarFIVE

The threshold for surgical repair in patients with Marfan syndrome is an external diameter of 5 cm. Factors that will prompt repair at a diameter <5 cm include rapid growth of >0.5 cm in 1 year, family history of aortic dissection at a diameter <5 cm, or the presence of significant aortic regurgitation.

Cardiology board prep study groups

Creating echo boards prep Whatsapp group and general cardiology boards prep Whatsapp group. Please email medicowesome@gmail.com for details :)

Transposition of the Great Arteries: D-TGA & L-TGA (congenitally corrected TGA) mnemonic

Here's a mnemonic I made:

D the arteries. 

And L flipped 45 degrees counter clock wise looks like a V for ventricles so ventricles are transpositioned. Ventricles also have C that reminds me it's congenitally corrected. 

That's all! 

Read more: Transpositioned of great arteries by Medha

-IkaN (Nakeya Dewaswala) 

Hysteresis

In single chamber devices, for ventricular pacing, hysteresis allows a longer cycle length after a sensed event than after a paced beat. 

It helps maintain intrinsic rhythm and preserves battery. 

In summary: Hysteresis is a programmable feature that allows the pacemaker to begin ventricular pacing only if the spontaneous rate falls below a set rate (eg, 50 bpm); then pacing continues at the programmed base rate (60 bpm) unless intrinsic ventricular activity is sensed.

Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators notes and mnemonic