Medicollabowesome: ENT Manifestations of HIV Infection

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ENT MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV INFECTION

Three types of lesions are seen:

1.  Opportunistic infections- viral, bacterial, protozoal, mycobacteria
2.  Unusual malignancies- kaposi sarcoma involving skin, mucous membrane, neck, extremities; and lymphoma both Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma
3. Neurological disorders- AIDS dementia complex, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cranial nerve 7th(often), 5th and 8th involvement

Otological manifestations-

• Kaposi sarcoma
• Seborrhoeic dermatitis of external canal
• Malignant otitis media
• Serous otitis media
• Acute otitis media
• Psuedomonas and candida infection of external and middle ear
• MTB
• Sensorineural hearing loss- due to viral of auditory nerve or cochlea and demyelination of CNS
• Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
• Facial paralysis

Nasal and PNS manifestations-

• Herpetic lesions of nose
• Recurrent sinusitis
• Chronic sinus infection
• Fungal sinusitis
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Lymphoma
• Burkitt's lymphoma

Oral cavity and oropharynx manifestations-

• Candidal infestion- thrush, painful swallowing when oesophagus involved
• Herpetic lesions of palate, buccal mucosa, lips, gums- forms ulcer
• Giant aphthous ulcers
• Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
• Generalised lymphadenopathy
• Kaposi sarcoma of palate
• NHL of tonsil and tongue
• Hairy leucoplakia 
• Gingivitis

Larynx manifestations-

• Laryngitis
• Kaposi sarcoma
• NHL

Besides these, there is involvement of,
Salivary gland- 

• Parotitis
• Xerostomia
• Diffuse parotid enlargement
• Lymphoepithelial cysts of parotid
• Kaposi sracoma
• NHL

Neck- Lymphadenopathy due to TB, Histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, NHL or HL.



Shivani Mangalgi
Medicowesome 2017