Deviated Nasal Septum - "Abnormal and asymmetrical alignment of the nasal septum that results in acute nasal obstruction and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract."
AETIOLOGY -
1. Trauma : Abnormal pressure ( lateral or frontal ) applied to nasal septum results in its deviation to one side or another.
- The lateral blow may cause displacement of septal cartilage from the vomerine groove and maxillary crest.
Groove on which septal cartilage sits ( encircled ) - lateral view Diagram by IkaN. |
- Frontal blow causes crushing injuries to the nose, usually occurs in sportspersons especially the boxers.
2. Developmental anomalies : Palate forms the base of nasal septum. Highly arched palate, cleft palate or lip, and dental abnormalities can all lead to deviation of the septum.
3. Racial factors : Caucasians have more incidence of DNS.
4. Hereditary : Familial predisposition.
TYPES of DNS -
1. Anterior dislocation : dislocation of nasal septum into one of the chambers. ( unilateral nasal obstruction )
2. C - shaped dislocation : simple curve to one side with compensatory hypertrophy of turbinates in other side. It causes unilateral nasal obstruction.
3. S - shaped deformity : causes bilateral nasal obstruction
4. Spurs : shelf - like projections may lead to headache and epistaxis. ( unilateral obstruction )
5. Thickening : due to septal hematoma
CLINICAL FEATURES of DNS mnemonic
TREATMENT - Only required if the symptoms are severe. The procedures are to be done once the patient is more than 17 years old.
- Septoplasty : The most deviated parts of nasal septum are removed and rest of the parts are surgically corrected and repositioned.
- Submucous resection ( SMR ) : Mucoperiosteal and mucoperichondral flaps that overlie one side of the septum are lifted. Most of the septum is removed and flaps repositioned.
Thats all
Hope this helped :)
- Jaskunwar Singh
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