What is chronic atrophic gastritis?
It is a process of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
What are the causes of chronic atrophic gastritis?
It can be caused by persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori, or can be autoimmune in origin.
Type A gastritis primarily affects the fundus/body of the stomach, and is more common with pernicious anemia.
Type B gastritis (most common overall) primarily affects the antrum/pylorus, and is more common with H. pylori (bacteria) infection.
It's interesting to learn about the complications!
In type A gastritis, loss of parietal cells leads to profound hypochlorhydria.
Hypochlorhydria will increase gastrin levels.
The elevated gastrin levels will lead to G cell hyperplasia.
Parietal cells are the same guys who secrete intrinsic factor!
Intrinsic factor? Yeah, the dude who helps in vitamin B12 absorption.
So.. Impaired B12 absorption will lead to megaloblastic anemia?
Yes, it is the most common cause of B12 deficiency.
In type B gastritis, loss of mucosal defense leads to ulcers.
Helicobacter pylori is the culprit.
There is an increased risk of B cell lymphoma.
One leads to B12 deficiency, other leads to B cell lymphoma. Easy to remember!
Why does it increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the stomach?
The stomach doesn't like all these inflammatory cells hanging around.
But it has to live and love, so it changes into someone who likes inflammatory cells.
The small intestine with Peyer's patches doesn't mind having inflammatory cells around.
It tries to be the small intestine full of glands and ends up becoming an adenocarcinoma.
This was my attempt to explain everything I understand :D
That's all!
-IkaN
Related post: Which cell secretes what? Gastric mucosa histology mnemonics
It is a process of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
What are the causes of chronic atrophic gastritis?
It can be caused by persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori, or can be autoimmune in origin.
Difference between chronic atrophic gastritis type A and type B |
Type B gastritis (most common overall) primarily affects the antrum/pylorus, and is more common with H. pylori (bacteria) infection.
It's interesting to learn about the complications!
In type A gastritis, loss of parietal cells leads to profound hypochlorhydria.
Hypochlorhydria will increase gastrin levels.
The elevated gastrin levels will lead to G cell hyperplasia.
Parietal cells are the same guys who secrete intrinsic factor!
Intrinsic factor? Yeah, the dude who helps in vitamin B12 absorption.
So.. Impaired B12 absorption will lead to megaloblastic anemia?
Yes, it is the most common cause of B12 deficiency.
In type B gastritis, loss of mucosal defense leads to ulcers.
Helicobacter pylori is the culprit.
There is an increased risk of B cell lymphoma.
One leads to B12 deficiency, other leads to B cell lymphoma. Easy to remember!
Why does it increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the stomach?
The stomach doesn't like all these inflammatory cells hanging around.
But it has to live and love, so it changes into someone who likes inflammatory cells.
The small intestine with Peyer's patches doesn't mind having inflammatory cells around.
It tries to be the small intestine full of glands and ends up becoming an adenocarcinoma.
This was my attempt to explain everything I understand :D
That's all!
-IkaN
Related post: Which cell secretes what? Gastric mucosa histology mnemonics
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