Hello awesomites! Jay ™ here today, once again with a new
blog post. Yayy! ^_^
Today we will discuss about Major and minor blood cross
match compatibility test. This is usually performed before the transfusion of
blood from a donor to a recipient in a hospital setting.
Before we get to this we need to get known to a table which
we will use in the following tests.
Blood Type
|
Agglutinogen (Antigen)
|
Agglutinin (Antibody)
|
A
|
A
|
Anti b
|
B
|
B
|
Anti a
|
AB
|
A + B
|
None
|
O
|
None
|
Anti A + Anti B
|
In major compatibility test we mix Donor Cells (Dc) with
Recipient Serum(Rs).
In minor compatibility test, we mix Recipient Cells (Rc)
with Donor Serum (Ds)
For the Cells we check the Column of Agglutinogen and
for Serum we check the Column of Agglutinin for obvious reasons of the
place of presence of each.
Let’s assume
1. Donor(D) = O and Recipient (R) = AB
Major Compatibility
Dc (O) + Rs(AB) à
None + None = No Major Incompatibility
Minor Compatibility
Rc(AB) + Ds(O) à
(A + B) + (Anti A + Anti B) = Minor Incompatibility Present
2. D = AB R= B
Major Compatibility
Dc (AB) + Rs(B) à
(A +B) + Anti a = Major
Incompatibility Present
Minor Compatibility
Rc(B) + Ds(AB) à
(B) + (None) = NO Minor Incompatibility
3. D = A R =B
Major Compatibility
Dc (A) + Rs(B) à
(A) + Anti a = Major Incompatibility Present
Minor Compatibility
Rc(B) + Ds(A) à
(B) + (Anti b) = Minor Incompatibility Present
TOTAL INCOMPATIBILITY Present
4. D = A R = A
Major Compatibility
Dc (A) + Rs(A) à
(A) + Anti b = NO Major Incompatibility
Minor Compatibility
Rc(A) + Ds(A) à
(A) + (Anti b) = NO Minor Incompatibility
NO INCOMPATIBILITY Present
5. D = B R = AB
Major Compatibility
Dc (B) + Rs(AB) à
(B) + NONE = No Major Incompatibility
Minor Compatibility
Rc(AB)+ Ds(B) à
(A+B) + (Anti a) = Minor
Incompatibility Present
Transfusions are contraindicated In TOTAL INCOMPATIBILITY
and MAJOR INCOMPATIBILITY. But in an emergency, even if there is
MINOR INCOMPATIBILITY the transfusions can happen, provided that any
reaction will be taken cared later. Preferably, washed or packed red cells from the donor should be administered. In reality, dilution of the transfusion in the recipient usually eliminates any likelihood of antibodies from the donor affecting the recipient's red cells. Anyhow, the BEST way is NO
INCOMPATIBILITY sequence.
Ok guys, I think you understood, what I tried to say in
here. If you have any doubt, or you see any error in my blog post, please
mention it in the comments below, and I will get it corrected. Thanks a lot for
reading! See you soon! :D
References
My lecture notes :P ^_^
1 Fundamentals
of Physiology : A Textbook for Nursing Students – R L Bijani
2 Textbook
of Medical Laboratory Technology – Ramnik Sood
Here's the burning immunohematology question: If people with AO or AA blood naturally produce anti-B without prior exposure, and if people with BO or BB blood type naturally produce anti-B without prior exposure, why isn't the AB blood type a fatal genetic combination? What stops the A gene from producing anti-B, and vice-versa, killing the developing embryo almost immediately?
ReplyDeleteYou don't produce these antibodies naturally, you produce them after exposure to antigens in the environment (mostly food).
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