Bonjour!
Mycobacterium avium complex infections need to be prevented in patients with AIDS if their CD4 cell counts are less than 50/microL.
Wednesday, June 15, 2016
Clinical and radiological features of rickets mnemonic
Hello!
So I had created this video long back but just realized I never uploaded it on the blog. Here it is! :)
So I had created this video long back but just realized I never uploaded it on the blog. Here it is! :)
Tuesday, June 14, 2016
Study group discussion: White jaundice
Can anyone explain about what is white jaundice?
I think it refers to cholestasis syndrome (obstruction of bile outflow)
Jaundice (Increased conjugated bilirubin)
Acholia (Pale stools, thus "white jaundice")
Choluria (Dark urine)
May have generalized pruritus (Due to cholesterol)
Here's what someone else wrote:
White Jaundice is not a separate disease, it is a very old term for jaundice.
Jaundice is a condition in which bilirubin, which is a yellow coloured pigment, accumulates in the body and causes the skin to turn bright yellow. In severe cases, the skin can appear brown.
To confirm that someone is jaundiced, and not just dark-skinned, the whites of the eyes are examined, yellow colouration here is a clear sign of jaundice, hence the old expression "white jaundice".
Migraines linked to Vitamin D deficiency
Hey awesomites!
A new study suggests that migraine attacks are linked to vitamin deficiencies.
The question is - 'Could supplements be the key to fight such attacks?'
A new study suggests that migraine attacks are linked to vitamin deficiencies.
The question is - 'Could supplements be the key to fight such attacks?'
Vitamin D in Type - 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hey awesomites!
Vitamin D has an important role in overcoming insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Here's how...
Why does acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) cause DIC?
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) is caused by an inappropriate activation of the coagulation cascade
Monday, June 13, 2016
Indications of hypertonic saline
Hey :D
The only indications of hypertonic saline is when there is hyponatremia in the body severe enough to cause symptoms like mental status changes.
The only indications of hypertonic saline is when there is hyponatremia in the body severe enough to cause symptoms like mental status changes.
Oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus mnemonic
Hello!
So whenever there is a LOT of things to remember, like a lot of drug classes or a lot of microorganisms, I personify them. I make them real life characters and give them creep personality traits.
Here's a mnemonic kinda thingy on drugs used in diabetes mellitus aka oral hypoglycemics!
So whenever there is a LOT of things to remember, like a lot of drug classes or a lot of microorganisms, I personify them. I make them real life characters and give them creep personality traits.
Here's a mnemonic kinda thingy on drugs used in diabetes mellitus aka oral hypoglycemics!
Sunday, June 12, 2016
Atelectasis
Atelectasis simply means collapse of the lung parenchyma. This includes failure of expansion of the lung parenchyma( Congenital) and a normally inflated lung parenchyma getting collapsed(Acquired).
There are 3 types of Acquired Atelectasis-
1. Resorption Atelectasis
Basically an obstruction in the airway causes collapse of the airway distally. The mediastinum shifts towards the side of the collapsed lung.
2. Compression Atelectasis
The lung collapses due to the compressing force which may be due to hydro thorax/hemothorax etc. The mediastinum shifts to the opposite side of the collapsed lung.
3. Contraction Atelectasis
Due to chronic interstitial fibrosis which makes the lung smaller. The only type of Atelectasis which is irreversible.
Ionotrophy, chronotrophy, dromotrophy, lusirophy and bathmotrophy
The heart is amazing.. Just like we have 5 senses, theheart has 5 properties < 3
They are rhythmicity, conductivity, excitiability, contractility and relaxation. These properties have been given fancy names too!
They are rhythmicity, conductivity, excitiability, contractility and relaxation. These properties have been given fancy names too!
Saturday, June 11, 2016
Hyperthyroidism and hyperdynamic circulation
Hello!
Hyperthyroidism results in a hyperdynamic circulation. This post was created because I attempted to know why :D
The cardiac effects of hyperthyroidism commonly cause increased preload with low systemic vascular resistance, a high heart rate, high cardiac output and increased cardiac muscle oxygen consumption. So that's why, hyperdynamic circulation!
Hyperthyroidism results in a hyperdynamic circulation. This post was created because I attempted to know why :D
The cardiac effects of hyperthyroidism commonly cause increased preload with low systemic vascular resistance, a high heart rate, high cardiac output and increased cardiac muscle oxygen consumption. So that's why, hyperdynamic circulation!
Step 2 CK: Investigating thyroid nodule
Hello!
If you find a thyroid nodule on clinical examination, the next best step is to get a TSH level.
Why? Because it helps you decide which investigation to order next!
If TSH is low, you need to do a radionucleotide scan first.
Why? Because it helps you decide whether or not you need a fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
If the nodule is functioning, do not do a FNA. It just means hyperthyroidism. Observe or treat depending of FT4, T3 levels.
If the nodule is non functional, however, you must do a FNAC for a possible malignancy.
If TSH is normal or elevated, it means there could be something suspicious in the glad, do FNAC of the nodule.
Why not do a scan? Because the nodule will likely be non functional and will tell you nothing else to change your management,
UpToDate mentions sonographic criteria for biopsy before jumping to a FNA, but Master The Boards says that USG can never exclude malignancy and you must always do a FNAC.
If you find a thyroid nodule on clinical examination, the next best step is to get a TSH level.
Why? Because it helps you decide which investigation to order next!
If TSH is low, you need to do a radionucleotide scan first.
Why? Because it helps you decide whether or not you need a fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
If the nodule is functioning, do not do a FNA. It just means hyperthyroidism. Observe or treat depending of FT4, T3 levels.
If the nodule is non functional, however, you must do a FNAC for a possible malignancy.
If TSH is normal or elevated, it means there could be something suspicious in the glad, do FNAC of the nodule.
Why not do a scan? Because the nodule will likely be non functional and will tell you nothing else to change your management,
UpToDate mentions sonographic criteria for biopsy before jumping to a FNA, but Master The Boards says that USG can never exclude malignancy and you must always do a FNAC.
 |
| Investigating thyroid nodule |
That's all!
-IkaN
Pendred syndrome mnemonic
Hello!
What is pendrin?
An iodine transporter, pendrin, is located on the apical surface of thyroid cells which mediates iodine efflux into the lumen.
What is pendred syndrome?
Mutation of the pendrin gene causes Pendred syndrome, a disorder characterized by defective organification of iodine, goiter, and sensorineural deafness.
How do I remember this?
What is pendrin?
An iodine transporter, pendrin, is located on the apical surface of thyroid cells which mediates iodine efflux into the lumen.
What is pendred syndrome?
Mutation of the pendrin gene causes Pendred syndrome, a disorder characterized by defective organification of iodine, goiter, and sensorineural deafness.
How do I remember this?
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