COVID-19: Pathophysiology and microbiology

COVID-19: Pathophysiology and microbiology

COVID-19: ACE-inhibitors and SARS-Co-V2

Nowadays, many are aware of the pandemic spreading all around the world and causing victims on a daily basis. This infection which appears for the first time at Wuhan in China represents a great concern. Today, let us explore some questions relating to the disease.

1) ACE-inhibitors and SARS-Co-V2, what is the link existing between them?
The angiotensin-converting-enzyme is secreted by pneumocytes 2 of the lungs and allows the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, a powerful vasoconstrictor. The receptors for this enzyme are found in various places, including the heart and lungs. Normally, the inhibitor of this enzyme is used in case of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and also diabetes thanks to its protective effect for the kidneys. However, in the context of COVID19 infection, the virus (SARS-Cov2) uses the converting enzyme receptors to enter the lungs. Given the increase in the number of these receptors in the event of therapy based on ACE inhibitors, the maintenance of this drug in patients infected with SARS-Cov2 is controversial.

COVID-19: Cardiovascular complications

Hi everyone... 

Virus infections are the most common cause of myocarditis. The previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-1 was associated with tachyarrhythmias, signs, and symptoms of heart failure.

Let's learn about SARS-CoV-2:

• COVID-19 patients who died had higher levels of troponin, myoglobin, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, and IL-6.
• This is because of the high inflammatory burden in COVID-19.

Let’s find out and understand about CVS complications by COVID-19:

• Mainly, vascular inflammation, myocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias
• The possible late phenomenon of the viral respiratory infection
• Commonly observed in severe cases
• Strongly associated with mortality

Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 

COVID19 and research: What can I do?

With the COVID19 pandemic hitting us, it is imperative to know where to get our trusted info from. Multiple research papers are emerging these days with one main big goal: Understanding this disease and how to stop it!

In addition to reading and following these research papers, you, yes you, can be a researcher yourself. You can help in fighting this disease and aid humanity.

The studies mentioned below are international studies aiming at understanding COVID19 and its implications:

1- Covidsurg:

Covidsurg is an international cohort study, aiming to assess the outcomes of surgery in patients diagnosed in COVID-19.

It is for patients who undergo surgery with either suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection (either before or after surgery). Cases can be entered either prospectively or retrospectively.

There is no evidence to inform the management of surgical patients with COVID-19 infection. Capturing real-world data and sharing international experience will support the management of this complex group of patients, improving their clinical care.

To start, register at: http://tiny.cc/covidsurg

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2- CovidSurg-Cancer: 

CovidSurg-Cancer is an international cohort study assessing the safety of surgery for all types of cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the pandemic in cancer delay and treatment pathways.

For more info : https://globalsurg.org/cancercovidsurg/

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-You can start these studies at your hospital anywhere now! Get the required IRB approval and collect data.

-All publications will be Pub-Med indexed. A corporate authorship model will be used under CovidSurg Collaborative group.


Stay safe

Murad

COVID-19: The journey of a viral pandemic

Modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2

A novel human coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China in the later months of 2019 has now dissipated all around the world, causing a pandemic. Let's analyze how this virus manages to spread so virulently breaching our usual barriers.

Modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19: Coping with GRIEF in midst of coronavirus pandemic

The known death toll from the coronavirus has surpassed 25,000 globally. The pandemic has ended communal prayer and congregational funeral gatherings at many major churches, synagogues, mosques, and temples. With these restrictions and isolation measures, dying people can’t see their families at the endpoint of their life. The internet, however, offered some solace to others ( Facebook live streaming, Video calling, etc.) 

Tragic losses of life…Let’s understand grief in the midst of coronavirus.

Normal grief reaction :

Precipitated by the loss of a loved one (bereavement).

Sadness revolves around feelings of loss and typically occurs in "waves" intermixed with positive memories of the deceased.  

Simple hallucinations ( Visual / Auditory ) of the deceased one. 

Thoughts of dying involve wish to join the deceased but active suicidality uncommon 
For most, the natural mourning process lasts 6-12 months 

f/b the integration of grief, in which the individual continues to feel transient but less pronounced sadness, and life plans/routines have adapted to living without the deceased.

There are 5 stages of grief according to the Kübler-Ross model are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (may occur in any order).

“Mnemonic” = ABCD 

COVID-19: Remdesivir (GS-5734)

Here is a short post about Remdesivir (GS-5734).

Compound:
A '-cyano-substituted adenosine nucleotide analog prodrug.

Mnemonic for TNF-alpha inhibitors

https://youtu.be/S9Z2ObWhPlA

Video by Drashtant

COVID-19: From authors' diary for health care workers

I want to write this post and acknowledge that the pandemic is a very stressful time for healthcare workers. 

We are looking at the epidemiology that shows the increase in mortality related to the COVID-19 disease. Even though we see death everyday, addition of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 is heartbreaking. Thoughts about not having enough ventilators, not having proven medical therapies, or a vaccine in the near future are distressing. It is in our inherent nature as healthcare professionals to try and help, it's saddening when we can't. 

Hearing the news is also very depressing. Some don't believe it. Some aren't serious enough... Yet. But when you hear the stories instead of looking at the numbers, it becomes real. How strange must it be, to be in quarantine and see your old grandparent go to the hospital alone? How sad must it be to think that it may be the last time that you see them? 

There are concerns about our safety as healthcare workers. We are being exposed on a daily basis and there are concerns about having not enough personal protective equipment such as masks in the future. Even worse, there are concerns about our families safety. We expose them every time we come home. 

I just want to tell you that all your anxieties and concerns are valid. You're not the only one thinking about these things. As we fight this pandemic together, our mental health is important. I'm proud of you for being concerned. I'm proud of you for continuing to fight everyday. 

If you are a health care provider and are distressed by this like I was and want to talk about it, email me at medicowesome@gmail.com. We also have a well being group on Whatsapp to help each other stay strong! 

I was recently talking to a colleague about how we have chosen this profession because this is what we always wanted to do - treat patients. We spoke about the retired physician in Italy who came back to work for his patients. It's noble. It's humbling. If we don't take care of the sick, who will?

-IkaN

COVID-19: Water transmission and the effects of heat on the SARS-CoV-2 virus

Hi!

I am going to be writing a series of COVID-19 posts and answering frequently asked questions by patients. Today's post is about water transmission and the effects of heat on the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Mnemonic for Foley’s Catheter: French scale & Color code

Video by Drashtant

Recent updates about treatment of COVID19

All things you need to know about COVID19 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6WpCkjqJSM

Recent Updates: 

At present Best Option = HydroxyCQ +/- Azithromycin 

HydroxyCQ for 10 day ( 200 mg TDS ) 

As ACE 2 enzyme is receptor for SARS-Cov-2 & these RAS inhibitors ⬆️ ACE2 enzyme. So hypothetically, there's an ⬆️ Risk of Covid19. But the guidelines recommend that ACEI / ARBs should not be discontinued. 

Drugs under Clinical Trials:

Remdesivir (USA) 

Ritonavir-Lopinavir 

Tocilizumab (IL6) 

Sarilumab (IL6) 

Favipiravir+ Tocilizumab 

Meplazumab (CD147) 

Fingolimod 

Darunavir + Cobicistat 

Which Rx is used in your country now?  Please comment below ⬇️

Thank you.. 

- Drashtant 

Isatuximab (Novel monoclonal antibody)

Isatuximab (a novel monoclonal antibody that binds
selectively to CD38), which is widely expressed on the plasma
cells, and kills myeloma cells via multimodal mechanisms
including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity,
antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, complement-
dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and immune cell
depletion or inhibition of immunosuppressive cells, as has been described with daratumumab.

 Additionally, isatuximab, similar to other CD38 antibodies, modulates
the NADase enzymatic activity of CD38.
However, isatuximab differentiates itself from daratumumab in its
ability to induce direct apoptosis without cross-linking, and in its binding epitope.

Isatuximab is approved in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for adult patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor.

A pretty amazing mechanism, right?


Kirtan