Greetings everyone!
Here's a mini fact: Christmas tree rash is seen in Pityriasis rosea.
That's all!
Merry Christmas everyone!
-IkaN
Related post: Christmas disease mnemonic
Greetings everyone!
Here's a mini fact: Christmas tree rash is seen in Pityriasis rosea.
That's all!
Merry Christmas everyone!
-IkaN
Related post: Christmas disease mnemonic
What is the reason for pruritus and itching in obstructive jaundice?
Patients have differing sensitivities to elevated bile salt concentrations,
which act on peripheral pain afferent nerves to produce the sensation of itching. This stimulation involves
opiate-mediated pathways, and opiate antagonists can block cholestasis-associated itching.
Itching does not appear to be associated with histamine release, and antihistamine therapy is generally ineffective.
Ultraviolet B phototherapy has been successfully used to treat pruritus.
Thanks for explaining the mechanism to us, Benedict!
Hello.
Battles sign is ecchymosis over the mastoid process and is mostly indicative of a fracture of the skull.
Mnemonic:
Battle Sign
Bruises Seen
Basilar Skull fracture
I love this mnemonic posted online too: BattlE - Behind Ear.
That's all!
You're a warrior.
-IkaN
"Hello IkaN!
I hope you're okay and happy :)
Can you teach me how to be organized? How can I save my notes?
I don't know why I'm so untidy. I want to be just like you, helping others & having good grades! <3
Please help me out here!"
- Email by an awesomite
Hello! I'm okay and at peace (:
Your organization depends on where you study from.
I study from books and ebooks so my study life seems very complicated to others.
I can read while I'm in the bus or in the train on my phone, so I always have ebooks or audio lectures with me. I can't write while traveling so everything I learn is saved on my phone. When I study with my books at home, I like having the traditional pen & paper to write, doddle and draw. Or a white board.
Here's how I save the information I have studied:
1. Make subject wise notebooks and write notes in it:
This is effective when you're studying from multiple text books and you need to merge all information into one for fast review during exams. I recommend making notes after you've read from all the textbooks if you're using this technique. You don't need to be tidy!
PS: This is time consuming.
2. If you're using ebooks, highlight and bookmark:
I read Harrison (Which is a HUGE internal medicine book) this way. The bookmarks would show me the topics I've read and while revising, I'd go through the highlighted lines only.
(App I use: Adobe Reader)
3. Type your notes and make sure they're synchronised:
If I have too much information on the digital platform and too little time to write on paper, copy paste on a notes app. Make sure you sync and back em up.
(Apps I use: Google Keep, ColorNote)
4. Blog:
The internet a wonderful place to save everything! (Many a times, I look for my own notes on Google =P)
If you don't have time for a fancy blog, just a simple tumblr with your study material is a good way to keep things in one place.
(Apps I use: Blogger, Tumblr)
Extra tips:
- Make a separate book for points you write during lectures. They're not always important but you will want you refer that book for the one thing your teacher said that you can't recollect while studying.
- If you think it's important, always write / save it somewhere. In my experience, you regret the things you didn't save =P
- Don't always focus on making the notes. Understand the information first, then organize it so that you revise and remember it.
The fact that you find me someone you wish to be like makes me happy. I hope I live up to the image you have of me =)
Until next time!
Why isn't mannitol used in pulmonary edema? And why is it used in cerebral edema?
Mannitol would expand the intravascular volume, increasing cardiac output and causing pulmonary edema (more fluid going to the lungs than it can drain.)
(Assuming the pulmonary edema is due to CHF:) The increased hydrostatic pressure proximal to the left atrium causes transudation in the lungs. Although mannitol can act as a diuretic, it initially increases plasma volume due to its effects on elevating plasma oncotic pressure.
Increased plasma volume --> increased left atrial preload in the face of decompensation that already occurred even at a lower preload --> increased LAP (PCWP) with further decompensation --> exacerbation of pulmonary venular transudation.
So basically, it causes edema by volume overload.
It's blood brain barrier (BBB) that allow us to use mannitol for brain edema. Since no such barrier is there in lungs, mannitol can cross capillaries into alveoli and worsen it. Even in cerebral edema, we give mannitol only when the BBB is intact. Otherwise, mannitol can create havoc there too.
Infusion of hypertonic solutions of any effective small molecular weight solute (eg hypertonic saline, mannitol or urea) will dehydrate the brain. In the peripheral capillaries, these solutes are not effective at exerting an osmotic force because they can easily cross these capillary membranes.
Hey everyone!
Today, I felt like sharing random things that I learnt today. It's about neuropathic joint disease - Destructive joint disease due to loss of pain and proprioception.
Neuropathic joint resembles osteoarthritis (Osteophytes, loose bodies, loss of articular cartilage, etc.)
I couldn't think of neuropathic joint disease as a differential today because I was so caught up in osteoarthritis!
The distribution of joint involvement depends on the underlying neurologic disorder.
Tabes dorsalis: Hip, knee, ankle.
Syringomyelia: Glenohumeral joint, elbow, wrist.
Diabetes: Tarsal and tarsometatarsal joint.
This is a major clue. The joint distribution.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of Charcot's joint.
Other causes of Charcot's joint include yaws, leprosy, Charcot Mary Tooth disease and meningomyelocele.
That's all!
I cannot feel, what is real..
- IkaN