Creutzfeldt jakob disease mnemonic

Here's one on Creutzfeldt jakob disease :D

Picks disease mnemonic

Hello!

After my infinite struggle, I think I have finally found a way to remember it :D

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Hello awesomites let's know about PEG .

PEG stands for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy .We normally use PEG tube .
also known as Feeding tube,Esophagogastroduodenoscopy  tube.=P

In simple language PEG is method of placing a tube into the stomach percutaneously followed by endoscopy .
Tube is passed into a patient's stomach through abdominal wall .
It is preferred route of nutritional support in patients having dysphagia or in unconscious patients.
It offers superior exposure to GI systems.
Most of the PEG tube has mushroom shaped device at the end that holds it in the stomach and prevent it from falling .If it falls do not wait till next day the hole may heal and this may create complications.

Whereas PEG  is also contraindicated in:-
-Distal enteral obstruction.
-Hemodynamic instability.
-Severe ascites.
-Sepsis
-Severe Gastroparesisi.
-Thrombocytopenia.

Scoliosis

Hello awesomites !It's been long time that I haven't written anything due to exam pressure =). Let's start with today's simple topic.

What is scoliosis?

-It's a disorder in which spine has sideways curve like "C" or "S" .It may increases or remain same.Patient usually suffers from breathing problems ,constipation due to tightened organs.
-Factors causing scoliosis are mainly genetic though environmental factors may cause scoliosis.
-Diagnosis is mainly by Plain X-ray.

Treatment?

-Current methods requires surgery to adjust growth rods every 6 months .This may require 8 to 10 procedures in total.

What is MAGEC rods ?

-MAGnetic Expansion Control rods are used as non-invasive adjustments.
Surgeons can lengthen the rods using a Handle-held external magnet.It takes 15 minutes and is performed every 3-6 months .It is also cost effective.Once a surgeon implants the device it's easy to use by remote.
MAGEC is used in children's (normally under 10 age) with severe spine deformity .

Stay awesome:)

~Ojas

Rheumatoid Arthritis deformities : Mnemonic

Hi everyone. This is just a mnemonic post on RA deformities.

So there are 2 important deformities that are definitely seen clinically but are hard to remember.
The Boutonniere and the Swan neck deformities both occur as some defect at 3 joints :
The Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP)  and the Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP) and Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP).

So Remembering one of them is sufficient as the other one would be the exact inverse.

Remember :

Bout.on.ni.e.re

So Out one Ex .
Which means there's extension at DIP (the outer joint). Now after extension , alternate the next joint with flexion ( so Flexion at PIP ) followed by extension again ( so extension at MCP )

So , Boutonniere is -
DIP - Extension (out one is ex)
PIP - Flexion
MCP - Extension.

And Swan neck would be the opposite :
DIP - Flexion
PIP - Extension
MCP - Flexion

Hope this helped !
Stay awesome.

~ A.P.Burkholderia

Fact of the day: Tugging on heart strings

Hey Awesomites

Since its Valentine's day, here is a love fact you need to know:

Emotional instability and stress associated with constant anxiety (in case you are suffering from I-love-you-penia or broken-heart syndrome) may actually lead to acute emotional trauma to the heart and result in rupture of heart strings, the "chordae tendineae".

The chronic negative effects on heart are associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, aka broken heart syndrome which involves weakening of myocardial muscles and rupture of chordae tendineae leading to right sided heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias and rupture.

So ease your suffering by talking to the love of your life on this special day and confess about your feelings today. <3

Source- Tumblr

Ps- Medicine loves you and cares for you <3
- Jaskunwar Singh

Soap bubble appearance on X ray:Differential diagnosis

Hello everyone!
I always find X rays quite confusing especially when they appear same.
It's a short post about differentiating bone tumors.

Soap bubble appearance on X ray is expansile, eccentric vaguely trabeculated space having thin sharp defined sclerotic margins.
Mostly seen in bone tumors and other bone lesions.
On X ray they all appear same, only way to differentiate them is to know their location and other associated factors.
Commonly seen in
1) Aneurysmal bone cysts-
  Location of ABC is Metaphysis.
It occurs in younger age group i.e less
than 20 years. So the X ray of such
patient will have non fused and 
immature bone.
Preferred sites are long bones of upper and lower limb, especially femur.

2) Giant cell tumor(osteoclastoma) -
Location of GCT is epiphysis
Here the prevalent age group is 20-40, which means an adult sketetal structure.
While the preferred sites are same like ABC.
So if one see epiphyseal lesion with soap bubble appearance in mature bone, it has to be Giant cell tumor.
GCT presents with other classical signs of Egg shell crackling on palpitations.
Giant cells on histology.
Which are NOT the tumor cells. So its one of the example of misnomers. They are meant to misguide you.

Thats it :)
Stay awesome

-Khushboo

Pharmacology: Microsomal metabolism by CYP enzymes in phase 1 mnemonic

Thanks a lot for this video, Shilika!

Pharmacology: When dialysis is not the treatment mnemonic

Video by Shilika!

Fact of the day: 'Experience- taking' from books

Today's fact is relatable for all medicos and books lovers <3

Yes, you can subconsciously take on the attributes of your favourite fictional characters when reading a story- not just the thoughts and beliefs of the character, but the whole state of being itself.

Well, it is more often seen in those who are depressed or who don't have much life experiences of their own.

Also, if the reader is able to relate experiences in the life of character of the story, he might take it to his own life and adopt the mindset and perspective of the character. This may lead to temporary or permanent changes in his real life.

Excessive openness to experiences may lead to schizotypal, narcissistic or paranoid personality disorders among others.


Happy reading :D

- Jaskunwar Singh

Fact of the day: Handedness arises from genes in the spinal cord

Handedness is an asymmetry arising due to left-right differences in the development of nervous system. Evidences suggest that a human embryo of eight weeks is able to move its right arm more than the left arm.

Well, if you know something about neurologic development in-utero, you must know that at eight weeks signals are not transmitted from the brain yet. Instead the signals travel from the spinal cord.

The left side of the cord matures faster than the right cord. This means the genes that control growth and development are activated faster on the left cord than the right one. In the hindbrain, it is the other way around.


That's all
- Jaskunwar Singh

Brucellosis and it's reservoirs mnemonic

Hello!

Here's a mnemonic on Brucellosis and it's reservoirs! :)

Catalase positive organisms mnemonic

Hello!

Here's a mnemonic on Catalase positive organisms :)

Video by Huzaifa Bhopalwala

Enzymes requiring thiamine mnemonic

Can you enlist the enzymes requiring thiamine?

If you can, give yourself a pat on the back and don't read further.

If you can't, give yourself a pat on the back, because you are going to learn how to remember it! :D

Causes of elevated JVP mnemonic

Hey Awesomites

Jugular vein is on a high and stretching out on the RAPs of  "the CREST" .. wohhooo.. :D

R- Right ventricular failure
A- Atrial septal defect (with mitral valve disease)
P- Pericardial compression/ tamponade

C- Circulatory overload
R- Renal failure
E- Excess fluid administration
S- Superior vena cava obstruction
T- Tricuspid stenosis


Hope you enjoy the crest too ;p

- Jaskunwar Singh

Difference between Caput Succedaneum and Cephalhematoma

Hello everyone!
Lemme tell you the difference between Caput Succedaneum and Cephalhematoma today! :)

Bishops score and Manning score mnemonic

Another video by Shilika!

Immunohistochemistry and cytogenetics for leukemias: Part 2

Here's part 2! On Chronic myeloid, chronic lympoid and MDS!

Immunohistochemistry and cytogenetics for Non Hodgkins Lymphoma

Hello!

The Romberg's test does not test cerebellar function

The Romberg's test does not test cerebellar function.

This is a topic that most medical students discuss at some point of time. I have found myself in the midst of similar conversations over my years at medical school.

After much study, I happened to reach an understanding that clarified the purpose of the test and provided a way to understand the results as well.

It would help if you think of the cerebellum as a processor (such as a C.P.U. in a computer).
There are 3 main inputs:


Romberg's test (3 steps):
1. Ask patient to stand with feet together.
2. Ask patient to close both eyes.
3. Maintain the posture for 60 seconds.

The Romberg's test is positive if the patient cannot stand for 60 seconds with feet together and eyes closed.

It is essential to understand that without the processor, the inputs do not matter (as there will be no output and no result).
Thus in Cerebellar ataxia, the patient will be unable to perform any of the above 3 steps and thus the Romberg's test cannot be performed on this patient.

In a situation where the cerebellar function is intact and Romberg's test is performed:
The first input (Vision) is lost when the eyes are closed.
It is now unto the 2 other pathways (Proprioceptive and Vestibular pathways) to provide input to the cerebellum.

Thus the Romberg's test will be positive in cases of:
1. Proprioceptive dysfunction e.g. Sensory peripheral neuropathy & Dorsal column dysfunction
2. Vestibular dysfunction e.g. Vestibular neuritis

This was my attempt to provide a brief summary about this topic and it has been compiled to the best of my understanding. Please feel free to discuss it further, in the comments section below.

Have a great day!

- Vikramjeet Kakade

Immunohistochemistry and cytogenetics for leukemias: Part 1

Hello!