Effusive-Constrictive Pericarditis notes

 The visceral pericardium is usually prominently involved.

In typical cardiac tamponade, right atrial pressures normalize after pericardiocentesis. Conversely, in ECP, increased right atrial pressure persists post-centesis, with constrictive features surfacing after the pericardial fluid has been drained (initially described as the development of deep x and y descents on right atrial tracings following pericardiocentesis).

The diagnosis of ECP is based on invasive hemodynamics, defined by right atrial pressures failing to drop below 10 mmHg or by ≥50% post-pericardiocentesis.

The most common causes of ECP are idiopathic, malignancy, radiation, post-pericardiotomy, and connective tissue diseases. Tuberculosis is the leading cause in sub-Saharan Africa.

In idiopathic and post-pericardiotomy cases, antiinflammatory treatment as described for non-effusive CP may provide a gratifying result with avoidance of pericardiectomy. Still, no guidance is available regarding a specific approach. 

A pericardiectomy is ultimately required in many patients.

-IkaN

Dimensionless index or VTI ratio mnemonic for prosthetic aortic and mitr...

Duty factor mnemonic

Velocity of flow as determined by Doppler equation mnemonic

Frontanalle closure timings | Mnemonic

 As posterior frontanalle closes earlier than anterior one, and before that let us remember 4 digits 

3

6

9

18

So starting from posterior fromtonalle

It has 2 digits 3 and 3×2=6, i.e., 3-6 months 

And now anterior fromtonalle 

It has 9 and 18 (9×2) i.e., 9-18 months. 

I hope it will work for beginners

Thank you

Allah Hafiz. 

Determinants of Contraception Acceptability | Story mnemonic

Imagine a women who wants to stop pregnancies, she would discuss this thing with his husband, and after getting consent she will go to her neighbors to discuss the methods of contraception to use. so oe of her neighbors is against these and one is in favor of these. the one who is against these tells her about the side effects and makes her perceive that they are not good. the other neighbor tells her about the effectiveness of the methods and helps her know the ease of use to convince her and also tells her about the non contraceptive methods of contraception. after visiting them she gets familiar with different methods and decides to visit a doctor due to the 2 conflicting opinions she has heard

so from here we drive the determinants of contraception acceptability:

stop pregnancy and discussion with her husband: fertility intentions and age

1st neighbor tells her about the dangers and side effects: perception and fear of side effects

2nd neighbor tell her about the benefits: ease of use and access and non contraceptive benefits

after discussion with neighbors she got familiar: understood others experience and got familiar with the methods

now she want to visit doctor : need to see doctor  

thank you

Allah hafiz

Enzyme Inducer Anti-viral drugs | Mnemonic

 mnemonic for antiviral drugs that are enzyme inducers is

Saqib ko Rio Ampire (empire) main LANa hay

(imagine 2 friend talking about their friend Saqib to whom they want to play role in the Rio empire cartoons)

(this mnemonic is more typical for urdu speaking people. so pardon me for not being universal in it)

Saqib: saquinavir

Rio: Ritonavir

Ampire: Ampranavir

L: lopinavir

A: atanavir

N: nelfinavir

i hope it works for you my people

Allah Hafiz

thank you

Mischievous baby (a threat for ectopic pregnancy) | ectopic pregnancy locations | Mnemonic

 

Mischievous baby (a threat for ectopic pregnancy)

Imagine a blastocyst as baby who is mischievous and just wants to get out of her mothers body, so when he is formed by sperm and egg fusion in the fallopian tube, he because of his stubbornness says, I will stay here, when mother allows to, he starts drilling into her tubes (i.e., the interstitium) , when mother allows again, he doesn’t sit aside, he exits the tubes and adhere to ovaries then into the abdominal cavity then onto the scar of C section and if he doesn’t go that way and on mothers scolding he enters uterus for it being its normal place, it adheres to cervix (the exit door of uterus) to get outside another way

funny, huh!

 bye

Allah Hafiz!

Recurrent miscarriage Risk factors | Linker Mnemonic

 

Remember about saca (in avatar cartoon series) who has rotating (cycling around itself) boomerang resembling a miscarriage like he used to miss his targets mostly, by his recurrent efforts. So saca:

S = structural anomaly of uterus

A = APS

C = chromosomal translocation (balanced)

A = advancing age & obesity

I hope it works for you all

Allah Hafiz!

ACC/AHA Stages of mitral stenosis echocardiographic criteria mnemonic

Wilkins score grade and mobility mnemonic for rheumatic mitral stenosis

Wilkins score subvalvular thickening mnemonic for mitral stenosis

Wilkins score mnemonic for leaflet thickening (Rheumatic mitral stenosis)