Thursday, December 15, 2016
Tongue depressor and bipod stand
This instrument is used to lower down the tongue and hold it while the Davis mouth gag serves to hold the mouth open during tonsillectomy and other oral procedures. it comes in various sizes and used depending upon the age of patient.
The mouth gag is held in position by using the Draffin bipod stand which consists of two rods.
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Tonsil holding forceps
Used in tonsillectomy to grasp the tonsils and pull medially. (dissection method)
The shaft is bent at an angle towards the handle. Ends of this instrument are cup- shaped with holes.
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Killian's nasal speculum
Used in Submucous resection (SMR) and septoplasty procedures.
It helps keep mucoperichondrial flaps away to make space for proper access and vision to the interior of nose and perform surgery efficiently.
IMPORTANT: In septoplasty, the flap is raised only on one side while in SMR, both sides flaps are raised. So due to cosmetic reasons and high risk of septal complications, septoplasty is preferred over the submucous resection.
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Direct Laryngoscope
Wednesday, December 14, 2016
Diamond blackfan anemia notes and mnemonic
A 7 year old with hyperextensible joints
A 7 year old boy is brought to you. He is intellectually disabled. On examination, you notice hyperextensible joints. Large hands, large feet, protruding ears, elongated face are also seen. The patients testes are large in size compared to his age. Diagnosis?
Marfans syndrome
Ehler Danlos syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Friedreichs Ataxia
Homocystinuria
Answer below
.
.
.
.
.
It's Fragile X syndrome. Why isn't it's Marfans? Because Marfans has normal IQ.
Here are my notes + mnemonic for Fragile X syndrome.
Did you know?
Fragile X is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation.
It was the first trinucleotide repeat disorder to be recognized.
That's all!
-IkaN
Walsham's forceps
Uses: to correct lateral deviation of fractured nose and disimpaction
and repositioning of bony fragments.
Most students get confused between Walsham's forceps and Asch's forceps. The difference is in the structure of the instruments itself.
Walsham's forceps: paired instrument used for reduction of nasal bone fractures. One nasal blade is placed externally while the other blade goes into the nose and supports the nasal bone.
Also, the blades are not elevated in walsham's forceps as in the case of asch's.
Asch's forceps: unpaired instrument used for reduction of nasal septum and vomer fractures. It is used along with Walsham's forceps for the reduction procedures. The blades are elevated. (ASCh = Ascending)
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Trousseau's tracheal dilator
Used to widen the tracheal incision to aid in the insertion of
tracheostomy tube.
Remember: It is curved at its ends so that it doesn't block the field of vision of the surgeon while making the incision and insertion of the tube.
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Toynbee's ear speculum
Uses: Examination of external ear and tympanic membrane
In operative procedures like myringoplasty, myringotomy.
Removal of wax, foreign body, otomycosis, ear discharge.
Different sizes for patients according to age.
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Tonsil artery forceps
Straight forceps (Birkitt's tonsil artery forceps) used to catch the bleeding point. (in tonsillar fossa) following tonsillectomy.
Birkitt's first tonsillar artery forceps |
Wilson's second artery forceps |
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Asch's forceps
Used for reducing procedures in cases of nasal septum fractures. (Reduction Rhinoplasty)
The septum is grasped with the blades of this instrument and straightened to make proper alignment.
The blades are elevated. Remember ASCh- Ascending.
The instrument is often confused with Walsham's fracture. Both are used in reduction procedures of fractures of nasal septum.
To know about differentiating features, click here.
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Thudicum's nasal speculum
Used to examine external nose.
Light is focused at different sites to examine antero- inferior part of nasal septum, roof, floor, and lateral wall by tilting patient's head in various directions.
There's a specific technique to hold this instrument during examination of the patient. Its really simple but if you don't practice to hold it, you will forget it for sure.
Keep your ring finger beneath one arm of the speculum and index finger in between the two arms. Press the other arm with middle finger such that the two lower ends meet.
Here's the picture of the right way to hold it.-
Luc's forceps
A tip for confusing things
Primary Health Care
Today its a short post ( a mnemonic actually ;p ) on the principles and elements of primary health care. (I was asked in SPM viva a few days back. ;p )
As a rule, always find a mnemonic in the name itself, I took care of it and made it in the easiest way possible. So here it is ..
C- Community participation
A- Approach (multi- sectorial)
R- Right technology (appropriate)
E- Equitable distribution of health services.
Elements of primary health care: MI NEEDS
- MCH and family planning
- Immunization
- Nutrition
- Education
- Endemic and common diseases
- Drugs provision
- Sanitation.
Thats all
Happy Medicowesome :)
- Jaskunwar Singh
Caput v/s Cephalhematoma - Ways to remember.
Tuesday, December 13, 2016
Langerhans cell histiocytosis notes and mnemonic
Hey!
I'm clearly doing a lot of notes + mnemonic posts. Here's another one on Langerhans cell histiocytosis!
Langerhans lingers
L - Lytic lesion of bones
I - Diabetes Insipidus
N - Nil
G - Eosinophilic Granulomas
E - Exophthalmos
R - Rrrrr.... :P
S - Skin rash
From study group:
Any mnemonic for Hand Schuller Christian disease?
Mnemonic by IkaN: Hands LIE
Lytic bone lesions
Insipidus (Diabetes Insipidus)
Exophthalmos
Mnemonic by Dev: CDE
Calavarial skull defect
Diabetes insipidus
Exophthalmos
Disclaimer: It's a morbid mnemonic. If you are sensitive and religious, don't read it.
Mnemonic by Vinayak: Jesus CHRIST was killed by hammering nails into his HAND, he DIed, his hands' bone got LYSED and we celebrate EXmas:
For calvarial skull defects, you know, wood was also hammered into his head. DI is diabetes insipidus. EX is exophthalmos.
That's all!
-IkaN
Monday, December 12, 2016
Study group discussion: Skeletal resistance to PTH in CRF
ECG basics
So basically, ECG is an electrical representation of heart activity on ECG paper.
Here are some important postulates of ECG paper:
The needle of galvanometer travels 300 big squares in 1 minute or 60 seconds.
That makes 0.2 seconds for each big square.
In turn each big square is divided into 5 small boxes /squares.
So we get each small box counting about
0.04 seconds.
So let's review all calculations:
1 Big square = 0.2 seconds.
1 small square = 0.04 seconds.
Each P wave travels about 2 and 1/2 small squares making upto 0.1 second.
The segment PQ (Sometimes we use PR) again takes 2 and 1/2 small squares making upto 0.1 second.
QRS complex used another 2 and 1/2 small squares making another 0.1 second.
While S-T segments uses 10 small squares forming using 0.4 seconds.
Note: We normally consider 2 and 1/2 small squares but there can be 2 or 3 small squares.
~Ojas
Sunday, December 11, 2016
Pentavalent vaccines
Let's discuss something about the pentavalent vaccines and what advantage they have in the immunization of newborns..
Friedreichs Ataxia notes and mnemonic
Here's another notes + mnemonic post on Friedreichs Ataxia
Genetic stuff:
- Due to mutated frataxin gene
- GAA trinucleotide repeats
- Autosomal recessive
- Mitochondrial iron accumulation due to loss of iron transporter coded by frataxin gene results in oxidized intramitochondrial iron accumulation.
Clinical stuff:
- Cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of death in FA. Cardiomegaly, conduction defects, murmurs, fibrosis are seen.
- Musculoskeletal abnormalities like foot deformities (Hammer toe, pes cavus, pes equinovarus) and scoliosis is seen.
- Diabetes mellitus is seen in 20% of patients
Neurologic stuff:
- Nystagmus
- Titubation
- Dysarthria
- Dysmetria
- Ataxia of trunk and limb movements.
- Loss of proprioception and vibratory sense.
- Extensor plantar response, absence of deep tendon reflexes and weakness is found.
That's all!
Stuff.
-IkaN
Mnemonic: Friedreichs FRIEDS!