Second digit for sex hormones
First digit - BP
Second digit - sex steroids
An easier alternative submitted by Dev:
Just remember AT
A - Aldosterone
-IkaN
The tubes used for serological diagnosis of typhoid are frequently asked and it takes many bungling to get the answer right. Here's a mnemonic which may come handy-
1. Felix tube- Short round bottomed which detects the 'O' antigen.
Remember the round bottom and round shape of the letter 'O'.
2. Dreyer's tube- Narrow, conical bottomed one which detects the 'H' antigen
Deserts are 'dry' and pyramids, which resemble cones are in the deserts of Egypt. Hence, conical bottomed Dreyer's tube. The letter 'H' is not round, so, it is this antigen which this tube detects.
Revise this mnemonic more than once so you get it clearly what's what.
-Sushrut Dongargaonkar
Hi everyone.
Posted in Ob-Gyn now. Let's just say it's not a lot of fun looking at diseased hoo-hoo's.
Just kidding.
Here's a Mnemonic for the absolute indications of Episiotomy.
Remember : PPPP
1. Perineum is rigid
2. Perineum has been operated on. (For Prolapse, stress urinary incontinence , etc)
3. Procedures are to be used. (Like Ventouse or Forceps)
4. Position / Presentation are abnormal. (Like Breech , face to pubis, shoulder dystocia , macrosomia)
The other indications which are non-absolute include :
- Maternal exhaustion
- Preterm/ post mature baby
- Trial of labour.
So I hope this didn't tear you up. (Pun intended).
Happy studying !
Stay awesome.
~ A.P.Burkholderia
An anterior shoulder dislocation is usually caused by a blow to the abducted, externally rotated, and extended arm (eg, blocking a basketball shot).
Violent muscle contractions following a seizure or electrocution represent the most common causes of posterior shoulder dislocation.
Hey guys, there are multiple causes of acute kidney injury in a cancer patient, namely sepsis, metastasis, tumor lysis syndrome, etc. But there is another reason which we often overlook, which is drug-induced.
1. Thrombotic microangiopathy: Associated with agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), eg., Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab. These drugs also block the angiogenesis in the glomerular vasculature, such that the injured endothelium isn't replaced, leading to multiple foci of platelet aggregations just like in TTP and HUS.
2. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most common and are frequently associated with acute kidney injury.
3. Acute Interstitial Nephritis:
The checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab activate host T cells to enhance tumor killing by preventing tumor ligand binding to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed death 1 receptors, which deactivate T cells. However, this effect causes loss of self-tolerance (and perhaps tolerance to other drugs), leading to various forms of autoimmune injury, including acute interstitial nephritis, which is associated with moderate-to-advanced-stage acute kidney injury.
That's all!
-VM
Well, urine is largely water which *can* be considered as transparent. That's why, uric acid stones don't show up on X-rays.
Struvite or triple phosphate stones have Proteus has the causative factor. Remember p for p
That's all!
-Sushrut Dongargaonkar