Does anyone know why left anterior descending artery is called widow's artery?
Saturday, August 6, 2016
Tuesday, August 2, 2016
Approach to acid base disorders: Metabolic alkalosis notes
In suspected metabolic alkalosis, always check urinary chloride levels.
Metabolic alkalosis associated with a reduction in the ECV (Vomiting, diuretics):
There will be a stimulus for Na and Cl reabsorption to replenish extracellular volume.
Urinary Cl is very low ( < 25 meq/L).
Administration of NaCl and water leads to correction of the metabolic alkalosis.
Such causes of metabolic alkalosis are said to be saline responsive.
Metabolic alkalosis associated with a reduction in the ECV (Vomiting, diuretics):
There will be a stimulus for Na and Cl reabsorption to replenish extracellular volume.
Urinary Cl is very low ( < 25 meq/L).
Administration of NaCl and water leads to correction of the metabolic alkalosis.
Such causes of metabolic alkalosis are said to be saline responsive.
Approach to acid base disorders: Metabolic acidosis notes
Hello!
I made these notes while studying acid base disturbances. Now they might not make sense to someone who has never studied this topic before.. But for those who have read about it, this should be excellent for revision.
Calculation of anion gap:
ALWAYS calculate the anion gap first.
Anion gap = [Na+] − ([Cl-] + [HCO3−])
Normal anion gap = 8 - 16 mEq / L
I made these notes while studying acid base disturbances. Now they might not make sense to someone who has never studied this topic before.. But for those who have read about it, this should be excellent for revision.
Calculation of anion gap:
ALWAYS calculate the anion gap first.
Anion gap = [Na+] − ([Cl-] + [HCO3−])
Normal anion gap = 8 - 16 mEq / L
Monday, August 1, 2016
Envelope shaped crystals in urine: Calcium oxalate mnemonic
Heyyyyyy!
X in oXalate looks like an envelop to me :D
X in oXalate looks like an envelop to me :D
Drugs causing crystal induced AKI mnemonic
Hello!
So today I was reading about acyclovir and crystal induced acute kidney injury.
Acyclovir is rapidly excreted in the urine (being both filtered and secreted) and has a relatively low solubility. Intravenous (IV) therapy may lead to the deposition of acyclovir crystals in the tubules if the patient is volume depleted. This results in intratubular obstruction and foci of interstitial inflammation.
So today I was reading about acyclovir and crystal induced acute kidney injury.
Acyclovir is rapidly excreted in the urine (being both filtered and secreted) and has a relatively low solubility. Intravenous (IV) therapy may lead to the deposition of acyclovir crystals in the tubules if the patient is volume depleted. This results in intratubular obstruction and foci of interstitial inflammation.
Secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mnemonic
How to remember diseases associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - Remember the letter H!
Hodgkins lymphoma and minimal change disease
Fact for the day: Hodgkins lymphoma is associated with minimal change disease.
Complications of nephrotic syndrome
Complications of nephrotic syndrome:
Infection with encapsulated bacteria, varicella (Vaccinate before or during treatment with high dose steroids)
Thromboembolism due to decreased antithrombin III (Prophylactic anticoagulation is not recommended unless patient has had a thromboembolic event, albumin < 2 g/dL, fibrinogen > 6 g/L, antithrombin < 70%)
Hypovolemia, anascara, renal insufficiency.
Increased risk of early atherosclerosis due to hyperlipidemia.
Sunday, July 31, 2016
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
MEN are autosomal dominant syndromes.
They are classified as-
1. MEN 1 ( Wermer syndrome)
Pituitary, pancreas & Parathyroid adenomas.
2. MEN 2
a) 2A (Sipple syndrome)
Hyperparathyroidism, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and pheochromocytoma.
b) 2B
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis.
Related post: MEN syndrome mnemonic
They are classified as-
1. MEN 1 ( Wermer syndrome)
Pituitary, pancreas & Parathyroid adenomas.
2. MEN 2
a) 2A (Sipple syndrome)
Hyperparathyroidism, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and pheochromocytoma.
b) 2B
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, and mucosal ganglioneuromatosis.
Related post: MEN syndrome mnemonic
Friday, July 29, 2016
Step 2 CK: Types of incontinence mnemonic
Here's a short post on types of incontinence. It is important to know for step 2 CK as well as step 2 CS!
Local anaesthetics - What's in a name?
Personally I am very bad at remembering weird names. I feel like I am being bullied, horribly tortured for the sins I have committed whenever I have to deal with learning names.
Anyways chuck remembering stupid names, we will be smart and figure out a way to remember them..without trying too hard. Like using Google maps to reach a place through shortcuts :D
So Aminoesters and aminoamides are the two types of local anaesthetic in use.
You just need to remember that the esters has only one letter "I" and the amides has two letter "I"
Also that the esters can be effectively neutralised by the cholinesterase in plasma, that's pretty nice cause these substances are known to cause allergic reactions.
Just for the sake of naming.
The highly unstable esters are..
Procaine
Chlorprocaine
Tetracaine
Benzocaine
Cocaine
And again just for the sake of completing this post-
Lidocaine
Mepivacaine
Prilocaine
Bupivacaine
Etidocaine
Ropivacaine
They are dreadful I agree..but "I" will save the day :D
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)