Hello!
Here are top 10 facts about of phenytoin.
Here are top 10 facts about of phenytoin.
Wednesday, December 28, 2016
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve
Nerve root :C7-T1.
Key points :
On the back of medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar nerve can be palatable it produces tingling sensations Hence humerus is called as "Funny bone".
Ulnar nerve is not a content of Cubital fossa .
Remember:Ulnar nerve supplies total 15 muscles in hand!
3 hypothenar eminence ,medial 2 lumbricals ,4 dorsal and 4 Palmer interossei and ADDuctor pollicis
Palmaris brevis
Forearm(Read carefully don't get confused)
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus(Thinking about lateral half ??!!! Well ,it is supplied by Median nerve )
Flexor carpi ulnaris (Thinking about extensor carpi ulnaris ?! Read carefully ,Supplied by radial nerve)
Clinical anatomy:
1)Musician nerve
2)Ulnar nerve lesion at the wrist :Ulnar claw hand which shows
a)Hyperextension at metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion at the interphalangeal joints ,involving ring and little fingers (Little finger is held in extension by extensor muscles )
b)Sensory loss is confined to the medial one third of the palm and medial one and a half fingers including nail bed .Medial half of dorsum of hands also shows Sensor loss
c)Vasomotor changes :Skin is warmer due to arteriolar dilation ,it is also drier due to absence of sweating because of loss of sympathetic supply.
d)Trophic changes:Long standing cases of paralysis lead to dry and scaly skin .The nails crack easily
It should be noted that median nerve lesions are more disabling.In contrast ,Ulnar nerve lesions leave a relatively efficient hand
Nerve root :C7-T1.
Key points :
On the back of medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar nerve can be palatable it produces tingling sensations Hence humerus is called as "Funny bone".
Ulnar nerve is not a content of Cubital fossa .
Remember:Ulnar nerve supplies total 15 muscles in hand!
3 hypothenar eminence ,medial 2 lumbricals ,4 dorsal and 4 Palmer interossei and ADDuctor pollicis
Palmaris brevis
Forearm(Read carefully don't get confused)
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus(Thinking about lateral half ??!!! Well ,it is supplied by Median nerve )
Flexor carpi ulnaris (Thinking about extensor carpi ulnaris ?! Read carefully ,Supplied by radial nerve)
Clinical anatomy:
1)Musician nerve
2)Ulnar nerve lesion at the wrist :Ulnar claw hand which shows
a)Hyperextension at metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion at the interphalangeal joints ,involving ring and little fingers (Little finger is held in extension by extensor muscles )
b)Sensory loss is confined to the medial one third of the palm and medial one and a half fingers including nail bed .Medial half of dorsum of hands also shows Sensor loss
c)Vasomotor changes :Skin is warmer due to arteriolar dilation ,it is also drier due to absence of sweating because of loss of sympathetic supply.
d)Trophic changes:Long standing cases of paralysis lead to dry and scaly skin .The nails crack easily
It should be noted that median nerve lesions are more disabling.In contrast ,Ulnar nerve lesions leave a relatively efficient hand
ENT instruments contents page
Hey, so because the contents page has expanded so much, I thought of making sub sections within the contents page for a few topics.
Here's the mini contents page for ENT instruments, this post is linked to the main contents page :)
Here's the mini contents page for ENT instruments, this post is linked to the main contents page :)
Tuesday, December 27, 2016
Chronic complications of pulmonary tuberculosis mnemonic
Chronic complications of pulmonary tuberculosis
Pulmonary complications- HE CAL BOB
H- Haemoptysis
E- Emphysema
C- Cor pulmonale
A- Aspergilloma/ Atypical MTB
L- Lung calcification
B- Bronchiectasis
O- Obstructive pulmonary disease
B- Bronchopleural fistula
Extra- pulmonary complications- PALE
P- Poncet's polyarthritis
A- Anorectal fistula/ Amyloidosis
L- Laryngitis
E- Empyema necessitans/ Enteritis
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Pulmonary complications- HE CAL BOB
H- Haemoptysis
E- Emphysema
C- Cor pulmonale
A- Aspergilloma/ Atypical MTB
L- Lung calcification
B- Bronchiectasis
O- Obstructive pulmonary disease
B- Bronchopleural fistula
Extra- pulmonary complications- PALE
P- Poncet's polyarthritis
A- Anorectal fistula/ Amyloidosis
L- Laryngitis
E- Empyema necessitans/ Enteritis
Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh
Monday, December 26, 2016
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus notes
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
This viral infection is associated with a previous childhood exposure to varicella zoster (chickenpox) which remains hidden within and becomes active later in life when immune functions of the body weaken.
This viral infection is associated with a previous childhood exposure to varicella zoster (chickenpox) which remains hidden within and becomes active later in life when immune functions of the body weaken.
GUYS, did you check First Aid 2017? We are Super Proud of you IkaN!!!
Beloved Awesomites, I have a super-awesome announcement to make today
regarding our Founder IkaN aka Nakeya Khozema Dewaswala.
She is the Image and Illustration editor in the recently
released world famous medical book, First Aid 2017!!!
We are super proud of you sis, especially you being the only
representative from South Asia in the book for this edition! We always knew you
are an amazing medical student, but you proved you are totally exceptional with
this feat.
This is another step toward your success sis. You are an
inspiration to thousands and thousands of medical students around the world,
and a living proof that if you want something, and if you struggle for it, you will certainly get it!
Me, myself am so lucky to have known you personally and be
called as your bro, and I know, more than you have an AWESOME brain, you
have an AWESOME heart! (Isn’t this why we love her a lot, Awesomites?)
Keep inspiring us sis! We at the Author Panel of
Medicowesome, and the whole thousands of Medicowesome members, would like to
congratulate you, and wish you all the very best in your all future endeavors!
Yours,
Jay :)
On behalf of the Author Panel of Medicowesome
P.S. - Special thanks to Krupal Patel in Medicowesome Whatsapp group who brought picture to our attention! :)
P.S. - Special thanks to Krupal Patel in Medicowesome Whatsapp group who brought picture to our attention! :)
Restless leg syndrome notes
RLS symptoms:
Urge to move legs
Symptoms begin with rest
Relief on movement
Associated with:
Anemia
Pregnancy
Renal failure
Peripheral neuropathy
Pathogenesis:
Disordered dopamine function in association with abnormal iron metabolism
Treatment:
Sleep hygiene
Pramipexole, ropinirole
Iron for IDA
That's all!
-IkaN
Membranous and pseudo-membranous conjunctivitis notes
Pseudo-membranous conjunctivitis: mild form
Membranous conjunctivitis: severe form
Causative agents:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Beta- hemolytic streptococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrheae
Associated conditions:
Erythema multiforme
Stevens- Johnson syndrome
Pseudomembranous:
- Lid swelling
- mucopurulent bloody discharge
- white membrane
- easily peel off without bleeding
Membranous:
- Lids are hardened
- semisolid exudates: result in necrosis of conjunctiva and cornea
- difficult to peel off
- associated with bleeding from the undersurface
Important points to be noted:-
- The membrane forms more commonly over palpebral conjunctiva beginning from the edge of lid.
- There is enlarged preauricular lymph nodes with suppurative discharge.
- Marginal corneal ulcer due to secondary infection (especially streptococci).
- high risk of symblephron (adhesion between palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva)
Treatment:
- Penicillin (10,000 units/ ml) is the doc for acute diphtherial infection. Systemic administration and a quick injection of anti- diphtheritic serum (4,000- 10,000 units BD)
- Removal of the membranes is not advised because of the risk of adhesion (symblephron).
- Local and systemic administration of bacitracin and penicillin is recommended in case of streptococcal infection.
Membranous conjunctivitis: severe form
Causative agents:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Beta- hemolytic streptococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrheae
Associated conditions:
Erythema multiforme
Stevens- Johnson syndrome
Pseudomembranous:
- Lid swelling
- mucopurulent bloody discharge
- white membrane
- easily peel off without bleeding
Membranous:
- Lids are hardened
- semisolid exudates: result in necrosis of conjunctiva and cornea
- difficult to peel off
- associated with bleeding from the undersurface
Important points to be noted:-
- The membrane forms more commonly over palpebral conjunctiva beginning from the edge of lid.
- There is enlarged preauricular lymph nodes with suppurative discharge.
- Marginal corneal ulcer due to secondary infection (especially streptococci).
- high risk of symblephron (adhesion between palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva)
Treatment:
- Penicillin (10,000 units/ ml) is the doc for acute diphtherial infection. Systemic administration and a quick injection of anti- diphtheritic serum (4,000- 10,000 units BD)
- Removal of the membranes is not advised because of the risk of adhesion (symblephron).
- Local and systemic administration of bacitracin and penicillin is recommended in case of streptococcal infection.
Pseudotumor cerebri notes
Pseudotumor cerebri
Associated with:
Obesity
Vitamin A toxicity
Signs and symptoms:
Headache
Sixth nerve palsy
Visual field defects
Pulsutile tinnitus
Diagnosis:
Papilledema
To rule out space occupying lesions - CT / MRI normal
Most accurate - Lumbar puncture with opening CSF pressure measurement
Treatment:
Weight loss
Acetazolamide
Surgery
Why does increased ICP cause 6th nerve (Abducens) palsy?
Increased ICP can result in downward displacement of the brainstem, causing stretching of the sixth nerve secondary to its location within Dorello's canal.
That's all!
-IkaN
Sunday, December 25, 2016
Amaurosis fugax mnemonics
I was studying the causes of Amaurosis fugax today.. so i just made random mnemonics and thought of sharing with you guys :D
Amaurosis fugax is a transient uniocular loss of vision either due to lack of blood supply to the brain or to the retina itself.
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