Monday, August 21, 2017
Introducing Medicollabowesome
Hello everyone!
We, the Medicowesome authors, decided to do something new this month and bring to you - Medicollabowesome.
The idea originated from wanting to see how different people present information uniquely on the same topic.
The Medicowesome authors decided that most of us will (try) to write on one particular topic every month.
Hopefully, we will learn so much together :D
The topic for the month of August: HIV & AIDS.
We've already begun writing (:
I invite readers to participate in Medicollabowesome too by emailing your article to us!
Email the title, post and author name to medicowesome@gmail.com with "Medicollabowesome" in the subject line.
This is so exciting!
-IkaN
Sunday, August 20, 2017
Saturday, August 19, 2017
Friday, August 18, 2017
Drug of choice : Dermatology
Hello everyone!
Here's a collection of Drugs of choice (DOC) for some Dermatology conditions. These are some of the most commonly asked questions in Post Graduation entrance exams.
1. DOC for severe erythrodermic psoriasis?
Cyclosporin
2. DOC for erythrodermic psoriasis?Methotrexate
3. DOC for pustular psoriasis?
Acitretin
4. 2nd choice for pustular psoriasis?Methotrexate
5. DOC for arthritis mutilans?
Etanercept
6. DOC for impetigo herpetiformis?
Systemic steroids
7. DOC for psoriatic arthritis?
Methotrexate
8. DOC for psoriatic erythroderma in pregnancy?
Systemic steroid
-Md Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)
Thursday, August 17, 2017
Clubbing
CLUBBING:
Bulbous enlargement of the distal portion of the digits due to increased subungual soft tissue.
It is also known as the "Hippocratic fingers", as it is believed that perhaps Hippocrates was the first to document clubbing as a sign of disease.
Grades of clubbing-
Grade I- presence of fluctuation test °
Grade II- obliteration of Lovibond angle*
Grade III- parrot beak or drumstick appearance
Grade IV- hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA)
*Refer the diagram
°Refer the video clipping
Theories of clubbing-
1. Neurogenic theory- vagal stimulation via neural reflexes can lead to proliferation of connective tissue at the distal extremities resulting in clubbing.
2.Humoral theory- Normally lungs throws out all the soluble substances by inactivation. But in case of lung problems, these systems reach the systemic circulation in active state and stimulate the changes seen in HOA (growth hormone, PTH, bradikynin, prostaglandin, ferritin)
3.Hypoxic theory- Hypoxia is suggested to be a stimulus for HOA. It leads to opening of deep arteriovenous shunts and fistulae which increase blood flow to the extremities and leads to hypertrophy.
4.Platelets derived growth factor- Normally megakaryocytes and large platelets get destroyed in the lungs. But in lung pathology they escape the lung and reach the distal extremities. Here they interact with the endothelial cells and release platelet derives growth factor (PDGF) post activation. PDGF and other mediators then activate the fibroblasts and transforming growth factor beta which lead to collagen production and connective tissue laying down ultimately giving rise to clubbing and HOA.
This is the latest accepted theory.
Causes of clubbing-
'CLUBBING'
C - cyanotic heart diseases, chron's disease
L - lung causes (lung abscess, emphysema, interstitial lung disease, bronchogenic carcinoma, tuberculosis)
U - ulcerative colitis
B - biliary cirrhosis
B - benign mesothelioma
I - infective endocarditis, idiopathic, inherited
N - neurogenic tumors
G - graves disease
Shivani Mangalgi
Medicowesome 2017
Bulbous enlargement of the distal portion of the digits due to increased subungual soft tissue.
It is also known as the "Hippocratic fingers", as it is believed that perhaps Hippocrates was the first to document clubbing as a sign of disease.
Grades of clubbing-
Grade I- presence of fluctuation test °
Grade II- obliteration of Lovibond angle*
Grade III- parrot beak or drumstick appearance
Grade IV- hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA)
*Refer the diagram
°Refer the video clipping
Theories of clubbing-
1. Neurogenic theory- vagal stimulation via neural reflexes can lead to proliferation of connective tissue at the distal extremities resulting in clubbing.
2.Humoral theory- Normally lungs throws out all the soluble substances by inactivation. But in case of lung problems, these systems reach the systemic circulation in active state and stimulate the changes seen in HOA (growth hormone, PTH, bradikynin, prostaglandin, ferritin)
3.Hypoxic theory- Hypoxia is suggested to be a stimulus for HOA. It leads to opening of deep arteriovenous shunts and fistulae which increase blood flow to the extremities and leads to hypertrophy.
4.Platelets derived growth factor- Normally megakaryocytes and large platelets get destroyed in the lungs. But in lung pathology they escape the lung and reach the distal extremities. Here they interact with the endothelial cells and release platelet derives growth factor (PDGF) post activation. PDGF and other mediators then activate the fibroblasts and transforming growth factor beta which lead to collagen production and connective tissue laying down ultimately giving rise to clubbing and HOA.
This is the latest accepted theory.
Causes of clubbing-
'CLUBBING'
C - cyanotic heart diseases, chron's disease
L - lung causes (lung abscess, emphysema, interstitial lung disease, bronchogenic carcinoma, tuberculosis)
U - ulcerative colitis
B - biliary cirrhosis
B - benign mesothelioma
I - infective endocarditis, idiopathic, inherited
N - neurogenic tumors
G - graves disease
Shivani Mangalgi
Medicowesome 2017
Courtesy YouTube
Hypergraphia - An intriguing brain anomaly
HYPERGRAPHIA
It is a condition in which an individual feels the driving compulsion to write; the overwhelming urge to write.
Hypergraphia has also been called 'midnight disease'.
Well based on how we perceive it, the "disease" could either be all about writing or writer's block.
Neurologically-
This unstoppable drive to write can be triggered by temporal lobe epilepsy(hippocampus and Wernicke's area in specific), intolerant mood disorders or dopamine.
What is very fascinating about this condition is that there are NO other vicious symptoms (other than a little irritability-which is quiet expected) and the fact that the patient can go on writing on anything from toilet papers to wall to even roads.
And what is more fascinating to know is that many famous authors and poets like Sylvia Plath, Stephen King and Leo Tolstoy (that's how the world got "War and Peace") suffered from hypergraphia.
Ingenious result from a brain defect.
Now a question might arise..if the quality of writing in these patients is any good?
To answer this, it is important to know that patient with hypergraphia exhibit wide variety of writing style and content. To elucidate this statement, let's go through few accounts:
1. Alice Flaherty (Harvard Medical school neurologist) gets episodes of hypergraphia following any grief incidences that have grave affect on her brain.
She has started her 4th book and is doing research to help explain how the muse comes and goes.
2. Mendez- He felt the unreasonable compulsion to write poetry even though the patient had no previous history of being a poet.
3. Patient who wrote everything backwards!
4. Patients writing same word over and over again but with differing calligraphy.
5. Patients' writing consists of sheer scribbling and frantic random thoughts.
Therefore on a lighter note, if you have the wrong brain defect but fall under the right category...then voilà...YOU shall be famous!
Shivani Mangalgi
Medicowesome 2017
It is a condition in which an individual feels the driving compulsion to write; the overwhelming urge to write.
Hypergraphia has also been called 'midnight disease'.
Well based on how we perceive it, the "disease" could either be all about writing or writer's block.
Neurologically-
This unstoppable drive to write can be triggered by temporal lobe epilepsy(hippocampus and Wernicke's area in specific), intolerant mood disorders or dopamine.
What is very fascinating about this condition is that there are NO other vicious symptoms (other than a little irritability-which is quiet expected) and the fact that the patient can go on writing on anything from toilet papers to wall to even roads.
And what is more fascinating to know is that many famous authors and poets like Sylvia Plath, Stephen King and Leo Tolstoy (that's how the world got "War and Peace") suffered from hypergraphia.
Ingenious result from a brain defect.
Now a question might arise..if the quality of writing in these patients is any good?
To answer this, it is important to know that patient with hypergraphia exhibit wide variety of writing style and content. To elucidate this statement, let's go through few accounts:
1. Alice Flaherty (Harvard Medical school neurologist) gets episodes of hypergraphia following any grief incidences that have grave affect on her brain.
She has started her 4th book and is doing research to help explain how the muse comes and goes.
2. Mendez- He felt the unreasonable compulsion to write poetry even though the patient had no previous history of being a poet.
3. Patient who wrote everything backwards!
4. Patients writing same word over and over again but with differing calligraphy.
5. Patients' writing consists of sheer scribbling and frantic random thoughts.
Therefore on a lighter note, if you have the wrong brain defect but fall under the right category...then voilà...YOU shall be famous!
Shivani Mangalgi
Medicowesome 2017
Leucocoria
Leucocoria:
Also known as the white pupillary reflex, is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye.
Pathologically it's the absence of the red reflex.
Clinically the pupils appear white rather than the usual black color.
Mnemonic for causes of leukocoria-
'CREAM PIGMENT'
C - Coats disease/ Coloboma/ Cataract
R - Retinoblastoma/ Retinal dysplasia/ ROP/ Retinal fold
E - Endophthalmitis
A - Astrocytic hamartoma/ Anisometropia
M - Myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer
P - Persistent fetal vasculature/ PHPV
I - Incontinentia pigmenti/ Inflammation (uveitis)
G - Granuloma
M - Melanoma/ Medulloepithelioma
E - Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)
N - Norrie
T - Trauma/ Toxocariasis
Go ahead and add more causes to make your own list!
Shivani Mangalgi
Medicowesome 2017
Also known as the white pupillary reflex, is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye.
Pathologically it's the absence of the red reflex.
Clinically the pupils appear white rather than the usual black color.
Mnemonic for causes of leukocoria-
'CREAM PIGMENT'
C - Coats disease/ Coloboma/ Cataract
R - Retinoblastoma/ Retinal dysplasia/ ROP/ Retinal fold
E - Endophthalmitis
A - Astrocytic hamartoma/ Anisometropia
M - Myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer
P - Persistent fetal vasculature/ PHPV
I - Incontinentia pigmenti/ Inflammation (uveitis)
G - Granuloma
M - Melanoma/ Medulloepithelioma
E - Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)
N - Norrie
T - Trauma/ Toxocariasis
Go ahead and add more causes to make your own list!
Shivani Mangalgi
Medicowesome 2017
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)