This mnemonic on classification of enzymes was submitted by Mohd. Ayub Ali.
The mnemonic is, "On The Himalayas, Lyf (life) Is Lightened."
Random fact that I learnt today!
If a patient with WPW syndrome develops symptomatic atrial fibrillation, what is the drug of choice?
Answer is procainamide.
Stable patients suspected of having WPW with atrial fibrillation should not receive agents that predominantly block atrioventricular conduction, but they may be treated with procainamide or ibutilide.
Why?
Because if you block the AV node using beta blockers, calcium channel blockers or digoxin, you will favour conduction to the accessory pathway. This will worsen the arrhythmia.
That's why, in stable patients, chemical cardioversion is preferred.
If instability is present, electrical cardioversion is required.
That's all!
-IkaN
Related post: Supraventricular tachycardia mnemonic
So here it is...
Ampicillin HELPS to clear Enterococci!
Haemophilus influenzae
E. Coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus
Salmonella
Ps: Gram-negative organisms have 'porin' channels in their outer lipid membrane through which the Beta-lactam antibiotics enter the cell. Also the lipopolysaccharide layer that contains endotoxins! (Gram-positive organisms do not have such things in their cell wall)
The only exception is Listeria monocytogenes that has little amounts of such endotoxins, inspite of being Gram-positive bacteria!
That's all!
-JasKunwar Singh
Hey guys!
So here's my first blog! Hope you like it!
Did you know that when 11th cranial nerve is involved on one side, you check for turning of head to opposite side and shoulder shrugging on the same side?
But when involved bilaterally, the patient can't turn their head.
So to test bilateral sternocleidomastoids, you ask the patient to sit up from sleeping position. He'll have head lag!
Here's another interesting fact:
Gag reflex is involved in 9th or 10th cranial nerve nerve palsy... This specifically localises lesion at medulla because both nerves originate there.
That's all!
Thanks ☺
-Rippie
Does Caffeine play a role in therapy of migraine? Or does it cause migraine?
Asking a doctor, he said yes caffeine heals pain in migraine attack. OK yea fine. But it can cause an attack too!! This is what I found something Amazing!
Migraine is a disorder characterised by acute pulsating headache, usually restricted to one side of head. Pulsatile dilatation of cranial blood vessels is the immediate cause of pain.
But we know headache is usually caused by vasoconstriction of cranial vessels and not vasodilation!
Actually, excess vasoconstriction or vasodilation, both cause less blood to reach brain parenchyma. This makes brain tissue cry for its necessary nutrients from blood!
In migraine there's excessive vasodilation of the vessels. So is the cause of acute pain. Caffeine constricts cranial blood vessels ( all other systemic vessels are dilated ). It is a CNS stimulant. (That's why we have more coffee at night while studying). :p
Now here comes the point. 1-2 cups of coffee (100-200mg) heal the pain by vasoconstriction. More than this will tend to decrease blood flow and so less supply to brain tissue.
That's why some people, who are in a habit of taking excess coffee or soft drinks, are more prone to headaches!
》 Caffeine is one of the constituents of medicines specific for treating migraine.
• MIGRIL: Ergotamine 2mg, Caffeine 100mg, cyclizine 50mg tab.
• VASOGRAIN: Ergotamine 1mg, Caffeine 100mg, Paracetamol 250mg, Prochlorperazine 2.5mg tab.
• CAFERGOT: Ergotamine 1mg tab. + Caffeine 100mg.
Other medicaments-
• Crocin Pain Relief: Paracetamol 650mg + Caffeine 50mg tab.
• Micropyrin: Aspirin 350mg tab. + Caffeine 20mg
PS: Remember, the moment you feel migraine symptoms, have coffee. It is the best and most effective way to heal pain, without significant side effects.
That's all
Thanks :)
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by Hyperglycaemia, Insulin-resistanthe state, increased lipolysis, and high risk of cardiovascular disease! We all know that. And much more to it..
But how can Bromocriptine be used to control blood glucose levels in diabetics??
Increased sympathetic activity in diabetics leads to breakdown of fats and high levels of free fatty acids in blood, which makes them obese! Insulin resistance in turn activates endogenous glucose production cycles which results in glucose intolerance and high risk of cardiovascular diseases, hepatic failure, kidney problems and other systemic abnormalities!
Bromocriptine-
• An ergot derivative
• Acts as a potent agonist of dopamine D2 receptors.
• Intracerebral injection of 0.8mg Bromocriptine mesylate- quick release formulation, in Insulin-resistant state, is given after first meal in morning within 2-hours of awakening.
• It acts in the Supra-Chiasmatic and Ventro-medial nuclei of hypothalamus and regulates circadian rhythm of Insulin sensitive-resistant cycles and controls Dopaminergic-Serotonergic neurotransmitter activity.
• Simply saying, Bromocriptine reverses circadian rhythm from insulin-resistant state back to insulin-sensitive state, thus decreasing blood glucose levels back to normal.
• It reduces blood glucose levels, but does not bring back to normal. That's why it is prescribed as an add-on drug with insulin or sulfonylureas. This makes an additive effect in the anti-diabetic therapy!
That's all!
Thanks :)
Someone asked me to post a mnemonic for carrier types.. So I made one.
Just remember 2-3 examples from each category.
Healthy:
Polio
Salmonella
Meningitis
Mnemonic: PSM
Convalescent:
Cholera
Diphtheria
Dysentry
Mnemonic: CD
Incubatory:
Influenza
Measles
Mumps
Polio
Hepatitis B
Diphtheria
Mnemonic: IM PHD, also notice most of them are from the immunization schedule.
Chronic:
Malaria
Gonorrhoea
That's all!
- IkaN
Okay, this is a very simple mnemonic and I'm sure many people are already using it. Here it goes anyway. The blood groups associated with CA stomach and ulcer can get confusing so,
1. An ulcer is round, so it is more
common in people with group 'O'
2. CA contains an 'A' so carcinoma
stomach is more common in
people with group 'A'.
That's it :-p