#Pharmacology
Q. A child accidentally consumed a fruit shown in the picture. Which of the following drugs is used for management?
B. Pyridostigmine
C. Physostigmine
D. Atropine
Hello Awesomites!
Here's a Mnemonic on the causes of Acute Pancreatitis.
The mnemonic is- GET SMASHED
G- Gall Stones
E- Ethanol (Alcohol consumption)
T- Trauma
S- Steroids
M- Mumps
A- Autoimmune
S- Scorpion stings
H- Hyperlipidemia /Hypercalcemia
E- ERCP (Iatrogenic)
D- Drugs
I hope that this is useful for you guys.
Thank you.
MD Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)
Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disease.There are 3 types of neurofibromatosis. Type 1 is more common among all and is characterized by tumors that develop along nervous system.
This post deals with spinal abnormalities that occur in type 1 neurofibromatosis.
Due to presence of multiple neurofibromas of spinal nerves, there is increased CSF pressure, this causes protrusion of duramater, this ballooned sac containing cerebrospinal fluid is known as dural ectasia.
This condition may result in pain in the back and limbs, bladder control problems, and numbness in severe cases.
Neurofibromatosis may cause tumors around the spinal cord. Scoliosis, an irregular side curvature of the spine from left to right, and kyphosis, or a rounded or forward angulated back, occur together or separately in about one in five people with neurofibromatosis type 1.
Children with neurofibromatosis type I develop one of two forms of scoliosis, dystrophic or non- dystrophic scoliosis. Non-dystrophic type is similar to ' typical ' scoliosis called as adult idiopathic scoliosis.
Dystrophic scoliosis, on the other hand, is a form of scoliosis that occurs due to bony changes related to neurofibromas affecting the spine. Dystrophic scoliosis is identified by looking for specific features on X-rays of the spine. For patients and their families, dystrophic scoliosis is known as a more severe form of scoliosis. It may also occur with abnormally thin ribs, weakened vertebral bones, and severe spinal curvatures including kyphosis and rotational deformities and is often associated with dural ectasia.
Treatment for scoliosis due to neurofibromatosis is challenging, particularly when dystrophic scoliosis is present. Effective treatment requires the knowledge and skill of an experienced orthopedic surgeon who specializes in scoliosis treatment.
Thanks for reading.
Madhuri Reddy
__________ gene is associated with early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).
__________ gene is associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease.
Answers:
Early onset - APP gene
Late onset - Apo E4 gene
Awesomite: I need a mnemonic for this.
Mnemonic:
apO E4 in Old Elderly
aPP in Pediatric Patients
-IkaN
The parasympathetic fibres passing along with the 3rd cranial nerve which supply the pupil lie towards the periphery of the nerve. Hence, surgical compressive lesions like tumors or aneurysms which compress the 3rd nerve end up involving the pupil as well.
In contrast, medical lesions like diabetis mellitus or hypertension affect the vasa nervosum which supply the nerve starting from its core.These rarely affect the pupil as the outer, peripheral fibres may remain relatively spared.
This however, is not a strict rule.This criterion can just be used for the primary evaluation of the possible lesion.
That's all!
The mnemonic for remembering the Triad of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is BAD
1. B- jet Black spots which are perivascular.
2. A- Attenuation of arterioles.
3. D- Disc palor.
Thanks for reading.
Madhuri Reddy
Hello friends,
This post is about damage to spinal accessory nerve.
We know that this nerve in the neck first supplies sternocleidomastoid,then lies on levator scapulae to supply trapezius.
On excision biopsy for matted cervical lymph nodes,we may damage that part of nerve which is lying on levator scapulae.So, this may lead to paralysis of trapezius.
To find this:
Ask the patient to shruggle his shoulder,
To do overhead abduction of arm, and
See for winging of scapula at rest.
On paralysis, there will be difficulty in shruggling his shoulders , difficulty in overhead abduction of arm and winging of scapula at rest.
Winging of scapula is also seen in paralysis of serratus anterior but prominent on movement like pushing the wall, whereas in paralysis of trapezius, it's seen at rest.
Thanks for reading!
Madhuri Reddy (Madhu)
Hello guys! Here are some important facts about Brain Abscess.
Most Common site: Frontal lobe
Sequence of involvement: Frontal lobe > Temporal lobe > Parietal Lobe > Occipital lobe.
Most Common site of Brain Abscess in Tetralogy of Fallot: Parietal Lobe.
Most Common site of Brain Abscess in CSOM: Temporal lobe (Mastoiditis).
Most Common organisms involved are Anaerobic bacteria > Staphylococcus aureus > Streptococcus pyogenes.
Empirical therapy: Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole for 4 to 8 weeks.
I hope that it's helpful to you.
Thank you!
MD Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)
Hello friends,
Today let's memorise the branches of subclavian artery.
The mnemonic is VITamin 'C ' and 'D'
Here VIT corresponds to branches arising from first part.
'C' from second part.
'D' from third part of subclavian artery.
So from first part:
V - Vertebral
I - Internal thoracic artery
T - Thyrocervical trunk or Thyroscapulocervical trunk( this makes our task easy to memorize branches of this trunk)
Thyroscapulocervical - Gives rise to 3 arteries:
Thyro -- Inferior thyroid artery
Scapulo -- suprascapular artery
Cervical - superficial cervical artery.
From second part:
C - Costocervical trunk which gives rise to superior intercostal artery and deep cervical artery.
From third part:
D - Dorsal scapular artery.
Sometimes, instead of superficial cervical and dorsal scapular arteries arising as 2 separate arteries, there is a single branch which arises from 1 st part of subclavian artery that is Transverse cervical artery.
This artery divides into superficial ascending branch and deep descending branch as shown in the flow chart below.
Thanks for reading and do correct me if there is anything wrong.
Madhuri Reddy (Madhu)