Potter syndrome mnemonic

Hey wait its not the Harry potter syndrome or sequence ;p
The term was first coined by Edith Louis Potter but it's a misnomer and more of a Potter sequence or the Oligohydramnios sequence. So here's the mnemonic of some of the clinical features: POTTER

P- Pulmonary hypoplasia
O- Oligohydramnios
T- Twisted face (Potter facies)
T- Twisted skin (wrinkly skin)
E- Extremity (limb) defects
R- Renal agenesis (bilateral)


That's all
- Jaskunwar Singh

Occupation and Ophthalmology : Clinical Pearl

Hello everyone.
I'm back with another ophthalmology post. This one is more of a clinical post , something that would be important to you in any specialty! Hope you like it. :)

So our life is all about being a successful doctor at the moment. Cause we wanna be good at our jobs !
Everyone wants to succeed at the work place. But there are loads of occupational hazards or diseases that we end up acquiring or aggravating due to the kind of job we do.

In this post I'll be talking to you about what ocular diseases can occur in Association with certain occupations.

1. Pterygium
- Occur commonly in farmers, driving school teachers and construction workers.
- Due to  exposure to sunlight for a long duration of time.

2. Fungal corneal ulcer or other fungal infections of the eye
- can occur commonly in farmers again. Because they are at a higher risk of vegetative trauma

3. Computer vision syndrome :
- seen in people working with electronic devices on an extensive level.
- the complains include dry eye , headache , eye strain , neck and shoulder aches.
- Simple tip for prevention - called the 20 20 20 rule.
Every 20 minutes look away from the screen for at least 20 seconds at an object about 20 feet away.
- Frequent blinking.
- Use of Lubricant for the eye.
- Use of anti glare screen/ spectacles.

4. Miner's nystagmus :
- seen in coal workers.
- Photophobia and night blindness may accompany the Nystagmus.

5. Glass blower's cataract :
- Occurs in glass makers.
- infrared rays cause damage to the lens producing this kind of cataract.

6. Welder's flash :
- seen in welders.
- It's a form of Photokeratitis
- Occurs due to UV rays
- causes abrasion , conjunctivitis and eye strain.

That's all for today !
Hope this helped.
Stay awesome !

~A.P.Burkholderia

Glycogen Storage Diseases : Mnemonic

Hi everyone.
I'm back with a short post. This one is about Glycogen storage diseases which, again,  we all hate to remember  :'D Hope you like it.

So Remember :

Very Pompously CAMe Her Tears.

1. Very =  Von Gierke's
2. Pompously = Pompe's
3. C = Cori's / Forbe's 
4. A = Anderson
5. M = McArdle's
6. Her = Her's (we'll at least Remember this one :'D)
7. Tears = Tarui's

So that's that.
Now how do we remember which is Muscular and which is hepatic ?
Simple.

Remember :
The Muscular get kissed under the Mistle Toe.

So the ones involving the Muscles are :
Mistle = McArdle
Toe = Tarui's.

Also remember :
Pompeii the city was a wh*re. So it went everywhere and hence Pompe's is both Muscular and Hepatic.

That's all for now. It may seem like a lot of crap to simply memorize these Glycogenosis but you'll realise they form an excellent aid for memory :D and are super important whether you want to do USMLE or Indian PG.
So c'mon ! Burn those Glycogens in your liver and get some Glucose into your head ;)
Stay awesome.
Happy studying.

At risk babies criteria mnemonic

Hey Awesomites

How do we define and on what basis do we label a newborn as an "at risk baby"? Well, it is very important to make a right approach to the risks and factors which affect the health of a newborn. So I just mnemonified the factors in a very simple way. Just remember the words: RISK APPROACH 

R- Referral weight- check for the weight of the baby. It should not be less than 70% of the referral weight (taken to be approximately 2500g), i.e. a newborn less than 1800g body weight must be referred to a paediatric health care centre for further investigation.
I- Insufficient breastfeeding- check for maternal and infant factors affecting the supply of milk.
S- Spacing (between subsequent pregnancies) less than 2 years
K- Kilograms of weight loss during first 2 months after birth- 5-10% weight loss in the first 10 days of life in a breastfed baby is normal. Investigate into the matter if the baby loses excess weight.
A- Acute episodes of illness (congenital or environmental factors)
P- Plural birth (or twin birth) or Premature birth
P- Parental illness is a must to check to determine risk of inherited disorders and illness in the newborn.
R- Raised birth order (five or more)
O- One parent
A- Active mother- Ask about her occupation and if she is working and about her lifestyle.
C- Constant failure to gain weight during the first few months of life
H- History of previous pregnancy and death of any sibling, if any must be taken into consideration.


Thats all
- Jaskunwar Singh

The GLUT's : Mnemonic

Hello everyone !
I'm back with another short post on biochemistry.
It's about the Glucose transporters which we all hate :D So let's get down to it.

GLUT - Short for Glucose Transporters , are channels present in our body that bring about glucose uptake. They are forms of Facilitated transport mechanism and basically occur across a Concentration gradient.

Now it's important for us to understand their location , function and regulation if we want a good understanding of Glucose metabolism. But this can get a little tedious , hence this post.

There are a total of 4 major GLUTs. Out of which one is dependent on insulin and the others are not.
So first we're doing insulin independent ones.

Remember :

BBB
Kid's LiPs are
PiNK.

~~~~~

GLUT 1 -
Remember : BBB.

B - Blood ( The RBCs)
B - Baby  (So fetal tissue)
B - BBB ( The Blood brain barrier itself )

~~~~~

GLUT 2 -
Remember :  Kid's LiPs

Kid's - Kidneys
Li - Liver
Ps - Pancreatic Beta cells

~~~~~

GLUT 3 -
Remember : PiNK

Pi - Placenta
N - Neurons
K - Kidneys

_____________________________
Now we come to the Dependent one.
~~~~~
GLUT 4 -
Remember :
Father Mother Depend.

Father - Fat
Mother - Muscles ( Cardiac / Skeletal)

Now how do we remember this ?
In general the Mother and Father are who we depend on ! But in biochemistry the mother and father themselves depend on insulin. ! And the baby ( BBB etc) are independent.

Got it ?
Hope this helped.
It's something I've struggled with.
Anyway.
Happy studying. !
Stay awesome

~A.P.Burkholderia

Electronic Fetal Heart Rate monitoring interpretation (VEAL CHOP mnemonic)

Hello!

So do you guys know about the VEAL CHOP mnemonic?

Variable decelerations - Cord compression
Early decelerations - Head compression
Accelerations - Oxygenation
Late decelerations - Placental insufficiency

Well, it has one kind of periodic FHR change pattern missing. That's the sinusoidal pattern associated with fetal anemia!

For those who don't know, let's run through them quickly :)

Step 2 CK: Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Hello!

As you guys already know, GDM diagnosis can be accomplished with either of two strategies:
“One-step” 75-g OGTT or “Two-step” approach with a 50-g (nonfasting) screen followed by a 100-g OGTT for those who screen positive.

But what if, in the exam, you are asked to choose a screening test for GDM...
And the options contain both:
- One hour 50 gram glucose load test (1-h 50-g GLT)
- Two hour 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (2-h 75-g GTT)
... Then which one do you choose?

Niemann-Pick disease notes and mnemonic

Hello!

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD; also called sphingomyelin-cholesterol lipidosis) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders associated with splenomegaly, variable neurologic deficits, and the storage of sphingomyelin.

The Burkholderian Culture : From the Authors' Diary

Hello everyone ! I'm A.P.Burkholderia , and I'm back with another post

Now a lot of people have been asking me why my name is that. Some have assumed it's my actual surname (Like our very own IkaN, but that's a whole 'nother story) while others have unraveled the mystery of the Burkholderian terminology (Like the ardent PSM-proponent Jay ). So before any more of you are boggled by this Burkholderian business I figured let's talk about why this organism is fancy enough to earn the charm of being my pen-surname. :P

So Burkholderia is a Gram negative rod. And it is one of a kind - Cause It's a Non Fermenter ! So if you were to make a TSI plate it would give you alkaline in the slant as well as the butt (LOL). Only few other organisms like Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter are non fermenters. So it's a total Aerobe and it can be checked with "High and Leifson Oxidation Fermentation media". Another cool name :D 

It's got 3 different types : 

B. cepacia 

B. mallei 

B. pseudomallei.

Now I love how it's called "Mallei". In Hindi 'Malai' means 'Milk Skin'. I find that hilarious. 

Also, 'Mai Lai' means 'I shall bring '. I find that really funny too. ( Burkholderia , Main Laiii !)

But other than that , it's a pretty serious bug. 

It causes Cepacia syndrome in Cystic Fibrosis,  which presents as a form of Bronchiectasis or Serious pneumonia. 

It can cause Meiloidosis which has a presentation similar to TB and another one called 'Glanders'. 

It shows a safety pin appearance when seen under the microscope on staining with Geimsa. 

Other than this , it's a very hard big to get rid of. 

It's almost resistant to all antibiotics and only the Carbapenems may work ! 

So this is why I love this bug. 

It's cool , it's classy and it's hard to get. :p 

Other than that , I love saying the name! *Burkholderia* 

I might do a video some day on this :p and how to say it right. 

Till then , Ciao! 

Stay awesome. 

*Burkholderia out*

Top 10 series: Digoxin

Klein waardenburg syndrome mnemonic

Here's a small post :)

Waardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic disorder most often characterized by varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures arising from the neural crest, and pigmentation changes.

Synonyms: Waardenburg Shah syndrome, Waardenburg-Klein syndrome.

Acute Post-hemorrhagic anemia

Hey Awesomites

Today I am gonna talk about the Anemias of blood loss, particularly the acute cases of posthemorrhagic anemia.

The Basics- Anaemia

Hey Awesomites

"Anaemia is defined as a decrease in the level of haemoglobin due to loss of a significant amount of red blood cells which decreases the oxygen- transporting capacity of blood."