How to calculate SVR and PVR using Ohm's law

Hi!

Ohms law: Current (I) equals the voltage difference (ΔV) divided by resistance (R)
Simplified, V=IR

In hemodynamics, what is voltage difference? The pressure difference or pressure gradient! (ΔP)

Drugs causing Thrombocytopenia mnemonic

Hi!

Drugs inhibiting platelet function/ causing Thrombocytopenia :-

ABCDE - HI

Obstructive Sleep Apnea features mnemonics

Hi!

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an iron-transporting protein.

Mnemonic: Cerebellar Signs

Hey guys,

Here's a short and sharp mnemonic post.

Hope it helps.

Pulmonary hypertension notes

Hi!

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mm Hg or greater measured during right heart catheterization.


(How I remember the number 25 - PH: 2 letters, Hyper: 5 letters).

Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension mnemonic

"A heart lung chronic thrombotic unclarity"
1: pulmonary Arterial hypertension
2: PH due to left-sided heart disease
3: PH due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia
4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and other pulmonary artery obstructions
5: PH with unclear or multifactorial causes

The transpulmonary pressure gradient (TPG): The difference between mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and left atrial pressure (LAP, commonly estimated by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PCWP).

A TPG of >12 mmHg would result in a diagnosis of “out of proportion” pulmonary hypertension - suggesting intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease in patients with left-heart conditions associated with increased pulmonary venous pressure.

Will update post as I learn more... 

-IkaN

Step 3 NBME Form 4 answers explanations

Publishing incomplete post form drafts :)

Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome in interatrial right-to-left shunt

Hi everyone! This is a short post :)

Platypnea (flat breathing): Dyspnea induced by upright posture and relieved by recumbency.

Orthodeoxia: Arterial oxygen desaturation accentuated by upright posture and improved by recumbency.

Peripartum heart failure associated with prolonged tocolytic therapy

Did you know?

What's Wrong With My Gallbladder, Doc?

A quick mini-post to help you make a quick diagnosis.

[Please click on the image to enhance it]

Please remember to practise caution as the presentations may overlap.

Thank you for reading.

- Ashish Singh

Post-LP Headache

Hey guys! 

Here's all you need to you know about that nasty headache some patients get, after a lumbar puncture (LP).

How common?
Up to one-thirds of all cases.

What are the risk factors?
None. Despite years of anecdotal advice to the contrary, none of the following has ever been scientifically shown to be a risk factor: position during or after the procedure; hydration status before, during or after; amount of CSF removed; immediate activity or rest post-LP.

When does it happen?
Within 24 hours of LP.

How does it present?
Let's SOCRATES the pain here.

Site: Frontal > Occipital
Onset: Acute
Character: Dull aching
Radiation: None
Association: Mild neck stiffness, nausea
Time Course: Lasts for 2 days to 2 weeks
Exacerbating factor: Sitting upright or standing, and so the relieving factor is lying down
Severity: Varies 

What is the pathology?
Thought to be continued leakage of CSF from the puncture site and intracranial hypotension. Other neuro-vascular mechanisms may be involved.

How do I prevent it?
Using the smallest practical needle and keeping the bevel facing up. Before withdrawing the needle, reinserting the stilette.

How do I treat it?
It's self limiting. Can use analgesia, as per WHO Pain Ladder. In extreme cases, can also involve an anaesthetist for an epidural 'blood patch'.



Know something you'd like to add? Let me know.

Thank you for reading. Have a nice rest of the day, you.



- Ashish Singh

Ashman beat

Hello!

What's an Ashman beat?

An aberrant PVC, usually of RBBB morphology, which follows a short RR interval and is preceded by a relatively prolonged RR interval.

The mechanism is pretty cool!

Retinoic Acid and Malignancy

Hello Awesomites !

This is going to be short post.
Relevant for exams.

All trans retinoic acid is used in APML (ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA)

Cis retinoic acid and derivatives like 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cRA) reduces second aerodigestive tract tumors in patients with resected head and neck cancers.
13-cis RA is used in Neuroblastoma.

Happy studying.
-Upasana Y.