Second digit for sex hormones
First digit - BP
Second digit - sex steroids
An easier alternative submitted by Dev:
Just remember AT
A - Aldosterone
-IkaN
The tubes used for serological diagnosis of typhoid are frequently asked and it takes many bungling to get the answer right. Here's a mnemonic which may come handy-
1. Felix tube- Short round bottomed which detects the 'O' antigen.
Remember the round bottom and round shape of the letter 'O'.
2. Dreyer's tube- Narrow, conical bottomed one which detects the 'H' antigen
Deserts are 'dry' and pyramids, which resemble cones are in the deserts of Egypt. Hence, conical bottomed Dreyer's tube. The letter 'H' is not round, so, it is this antigen which this tube detects.
Revise this mnemonic more than once so you get it clearly what's what.
-Sushrut Dongargaonkar
Hi everyone.
Posted in Ob-Gyn now. Let's just say it's not a lot of fun looking at diseased hoo-hoo's.
Just kidding.
Here's a Mnemonic for the absolute indications of Episiotomy.
Remember : PPPP
1. Perineum is rigid
2. Perineum has been operated on. (For Prolapse, stress urinary incontinence , etc)
3. Procedures are to be used. (Like Ventouse or Forceps)
4. Position / Presentation are abnormal. (Like Breech , face to pubis, shoulder dystocia , macrosomia)
The other indications which are non-absolute include :
- Maternal exhaustion
- Preterm/ post mature baby
- Trial of labour.
So I hope this didn't tear you up. (Pun intended).
Happy studying !
Stay awesome.
~ A.P.Burkholderia
An anterior shoulder dislocation is usually caused by a blow to the abducted, externally rotated, and extended arm (eg, blocking a basketball shot).
Violent muscle contractions following a seizure or electrocution represent the most common causes of posterior shoulder dislocation.
Hey guys, there are multiple causes of acute kidney injury in a cancer patient, namely sepsis, metastasis, tumor lysis syndrome, etc. But there is another reason which we often overlook, which is drug-induced.
1. Thrombotic microangiopathy: Associated with agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), eg., Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab. These drugs also block the angiogenesis in the glomerular vasculature, such that the injured endothelium isn't replaced, leading to multiple foci of platelet aggregations just like in TTP and HUS.
2. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most common and are frequently associated with acute kidney injury.
3. Acute Interstitial Nephritis:
The checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab activate host T cells to enhance tumor killing by preventing tumor ligand binding to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed death 1 receptors, which deactivate T cells. However, this effect causes loss of self-tolerance (and perhaps tolerance to other drugs), leading to various forms of autoimmune injury, including acute interstitial nephritis, which is associated with moderate-to-advanced-stage acute kidney injury.
That's all!
-VM
Well, urine is largely water which *can* be considered as transparent. That's why, uric acid stones don't show up on X-rays.
Struvite or triple phosphate stones have Proteus has the causative factor. Remember p for p
That's all!
-Sushrut Dongargaonkar
There are these two mycobacteria which produce pigments- M. gordonae and M. szulgai in the dark. How to remember them?
1. A garden contains flowers which
are colourful. So you can remember M. gordonae that way.
2. Szulgai matches 'Nilgai' which is an Indian local word for the Indian
bluebuck/Indian blue bull. So the involvement of a color in the name can be correlated with pigment production.
That's all!
-Sushrut Dongargaonkar
Hello!
This is a short blog on beta blocker
intoxication.
Beta blockers acting on beta receptors have wide range of actions and uses.
Most common complication of beta blocker overuse is Cardiovascular depression like hypotension and bradycardia, impaired atrioventricular functions.
Can we give adrenergic drugs to reverse this action?
No, we can't .
Prolong use of beta blockers leads to upregulation of the beta receptors. Beta Agonists will further aggravate the adrenergic actions.
Which may cause tachycardia even arrhythmias.
Even Atropine is inconsistent in reversing the side effects
So the alternative used is Glucagon -
It stimulates cAMP synthesis independently of beta adrenergic receptors.
It has positive ionotropic and chronotropic action, thus it reverses the cardiovascular depression without causing tachycardia or other adrenergic effects.
It can also be used in calcium channels blocker overuse.
Glucagon therapy still dont have enough evidence to prove its efficiency.
Hence Judicious use of drugs is must.
Stay awesome!
~Khush