Saturday, February 29, 2020
Wednesday, February 26, 2020
Congestive hepatopathy
In congestive heart failure, the elevated pressure is transmitted from the right heart chambers (right ventricle and atrium) to the hepatic veins and sinusoids leading to intrahepatic edema, decreased perfusion and oxygen diffusion as well as hemorrhagic injury and modification on the hepatocyte architecture and atrophy with associated collagen deposition, and fibrosis to the hepatic veins and sinusoids.
Sunday, February 23, 2020
Schroeder's Vs Bandl's ring
Friday, February 21, 2020
Post Partum Hemorrhage - Updates
Following bleeding scenarios amount to PPH under the latest WHO document
- Blood loss >500 mL in c/o Vaginal delivery
- Blood loss > 1 L in c/o C Section + in c/o twins
- Blood loss > 1.5 L in c/o Hysterectomy
- Blood loss on any case more than what is expected over a period of 24 hours
Following bleeding scenarios amount to PPH as per the latest ACOG recommendations
- Blood loss equal to or more than 1 L irrespective of mode of delivery
- Bleeding with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia
Updates in Management of PPH
- Uterine massage is added along with uterotonics
- PGE1 if given Per Rectally (not recommended), 1000 micrograms is advised
- Inj Tranexamic Acid is recommended in all bleeding diasthesis - 1 gram slow IV (over 20 minutes)
- Mechanical Devices allowed
- Sengstaken Blakemore Catheter
- Bakri Balloon Catheter
Tuesday, February 18, 2020
Actions of Intrinsic laryngeal muscles of Vocal cord mnemonic video
This is video is on Actions of Intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
Monday, February 17, 2020
Saturday, February 15, 2020
Mnemonic for Catalytically perfect enzymes !!
Thursday, February 13, 2020
Voila! Its a baby bone.
Here's how you can remember what your body produces when are forming new bone. Remember that as
- Bone Specific ALP
- Procollagen type I
- Osteocalcein
- Osteonectin
Saturday, February 8, 2020
Mnemonic for Galactosemia & Hereditary fructose intolerance
Monday, February 3, 2020
A compilation of similarities between corneal dystrophies
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Corona virus
Corona virus:
A) Virology:
1) Coronaviruses are classified as a family within the Nidovirales order, viruses that replicate using a nested set of mRNAs. The coronavirus subfamily is further classified into four genera: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta coronaviruses.
2) Positive mRNA strand virus. It is largest known RNA strand.
B) Routes of transmission — Respiratory coronaviruses probably spread in a fashion similar to that of rhinoviruses, via direct contact with infected secretions or large aerosol droplets. Immunity develops soon after infection but wanes gradually over time.
C) Clinical Manifestation:
Characterized by
1) Upper respiratory tract infections
2) Acute otitis media
3) Pneumonia
4) Temporarily linked to asthma attacks in both adults and children
5) The idea that coronaviruses produce diarrhea in humans is intriguing because of their clear intestinal pathogenicity in animals
6) Gastrointestinal manifestations -diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain.
7) There is one reported case of encephalitis due to corona virus
8)Also seen in association with Kawasaki disease.
D) Diagnosis:
Until recently, no sensitive, rapid method existed to detect all of the known human coronavirus strains. Rapid techniques that can be used to detect coronaviruses from nasopharyngeal samples include reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence antigen detection assays.
E) Treatment:
1) There is currently no treatment recommended for coronavirus infections except for supportive care as needed
2) Chloroquine has shown some activity against cultured cells.
F)Prevention:
1) Preventive measures are the same as for rhinovirus infections, which consist of handwashing and the careful disposal of materials infected with nasal secretions. Several antiseptic/disinfectant solutions used commonly in hospitals and households, including chloroxylenol, benzalkonium chloride, and cetrimide/chlorhexidine, have been shown to be ineffective against coronaviruses
That's it!
Source: Up-to-date.