Topical Drug Absorption.

Hello everyone!

This is the brief mention about the extent of topical absorption of drugs. 

In decreasing order-

Posterior auricular
Scrotal
Scalp
Dorsum of hand
Plantar area.

Absorption mainly depends on the thickness of the skin and is inversely proportional to it.

Hope this was helpful! 

Let's learn Together! 

Dr. Medha Vyas 

Tympanogram.

Hello Everybody!

Let us quickly review the different curves of a tympanogram. 

The following are the yypes of curves in you'll see on a tympanogram:

Type A – Normal pressure and normal compliance in normal ear.

Type A_s – Reduced compliance (‘s’ means stiffness leading to reduced compliance) and normal pressure.

• Seen in
  • Otosclerosis or other ossicular fixation
  • Tympanosclerosis

Type A_d – Increased compliance (‘d’ means discontinuity leading to increased mobility) and normal pressure.

• Seen in
  • Ossicular discontinuity
  • Thin and lax TM

 

Type B – Flat or dome shaped graph i.e. reduced compliance.

Seen in case of:Serous otitis media.

Thick tympanic membrane.

Type C – Normal compliance but negative pressure due to eustachian tube obstruction.

• Seen in case of:
• Retracted tympanic membrane,
• Early stages before collection of fluid in middle ear.

Hope this was helpful. 

Let's Learn Together! 

Dr. Medha Vyas 

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Zika virus mnemonic

Two components of Sulfasalazine : Indications

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Sulfasalazine has two components:
- 5-ASA
- Sulfapyridine (SP)

High-yield : Risk of stroke with cardioversion

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Electrical/chemical cardioversion performed in a case of atrial fibrillation may carry a high-risk of stroke, especially if >48 hours of time has passed (thrombus formation takes about 48 hours).

Causes of holosystolic murmur mnemonic

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Causes of holosystolic murmur: MTV reality shows
- Mitral regurgitation
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Ventricular septal defect

- Jaskunwar Singh

High-yield : Absence of tachycardia in cardiac tamponade (mnemonic)

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Tachycardia is a characteristic feature of decreased systolic blood pressure in the patients of cardiac tamponade. However, there are exceptions to be taken care of during diagnosis and workup on the patients with following conditions (absence of tachycardia):

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A - Aspirin,vitamin A 
B - Bisphosphonates
C - Calcium, Coffee, vitamin C
D - Dietary Fiber
E - vitamin E
F - Fruits
G - Green Vegetables

Chest pain in acute pericarditis vs myocardial infarction

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Acute myocardial infarction is one of the miscellaneous causes of acute pericarditis. Differentiating features of chest pain in these two cases are many, but the high-yield points to be noted are:-

Mnemonico diagnostico - murmur in mitral stenosis

Hello

Mitral stenosis murmur features:
(mnemonic: MITRAL STENOSIS)

Pericardial knock v/s Pericardial rub

Hello

Pericardial knock:
- most common cause is constrictive pericarditis
- occurs during the healing phase of the disease (fibrocalcifications)
- during the early diastolic phase of cardiac cycle (after opening snap)
- On auscultation: high frequency sound

Pericardial rub:
- commonly seen in acute fibrinous or sero-fibrinous pericarditis
- sero-fibrinous exudate in between two layers of pericardium (disease process going on)
- may occur during ventricular systole, or ventricular early diastole (due to expansion) or late diastole (due to atrial contraction).
- on auscultation: rough scraping sound described as "leather rubbing against leather"


That's all
- Jaskunwar Singh