IPC 375, 376 and 377 mnemonic

Hey!

IPC 300, 302, 307, 308 and 309 mnemonic

Hello!

Here are some Indian Penal Code mnemonics :)

Study group discussion: Bradycardia

Name the causes of bradycardia!

Physiological bradycardia is seen during sleep and in athletes.

In typhoid fever, yellow fever and brucellosis, we see relative bradycardia.

Pathological bradycardia is seen in hypothermia, hypothyroidism, raised intracranial tension & inferior wall myocardial infarction, hypertension, bradyarrhythmia, etc.

What is relative bradycardia?

Indices of obesity mnemonic

Hello!
Let's mnemonic-fy everything!

Authors diary: IkaN's real name (Meaning and pronunciation of Nakeya)

Hello!

IkaN from Medicowesome here!
This video and post is from the authors diary! :D

People have been asking me what my real name is and how I pronounce it so I thought of making a video on it.

There you go! :)

Wolff–Chaikoff effect mnemonic

Hello!

Here's an awesome mnemonic on Wolff–Chaikoff effect sent to us by Hari!

For those of you who don't know what Wolff–Chaikoff effect is, it is a reduction in thyroid hormone levels caused by ingestion of a large amount of iodine.

Treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mnemonic

Hello!

Here's a short post on the treatment of PTSD. It comes with a mnemonic!

Schizophrenia subtypes mnemonic

Schizophrenia types mnemonic: CURDP

Diagnosis vs. Prognosis! Which is which?

When I was in 1^st year I used to mistake these two parts of patient care very much. Let’s try to understand these concepts.

Diagnosis (Dx) – The identified disease/condition that the person has. We get to a diagnosis, after considering all the symptoms, and signs.

Prognosis – What’s going to happen in future for the patient regarding this disease.

Step 2 CK: ADHD treatment

Hello! This post is on the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)!

Cognitive behavioural therapy is the first line of treatment for ADHD.

As for pharmacotherapy, FDA has approved two types of medications — stimulants and non-stimulants.

Bupropion mnemonic

Hello!

Watch the video to check the mnemonic out :D

Study group discussion: Dopamine, prolactin, Parkinson's disease and Schizophrenia

A schizophrenic presents with galactorrhea. The patient’s medication regimen includes haloperidol. Blockade of which  neurotransmitters is responsible for this patient's clinical presentation?

Dopamine. Since it is a Prolactin Inhibitor - Inhibition of Dopamine causes hyperprolatctinemia.

Doubt: Level of dopamine also decreases in Parkinson's disease. So can hyperprolactinemia also be seen in Parkinson's disease?

In Parkinson's, there is loss of dopamine only in the substantia niagra.

There are 4 main dopaminergic pathways in the CNS:
1. Nigrostrial pathway which is involved in Parkinson's disease.
2. Mesolimbic pathway involved in Schizophrenia.
3. Paraventricular pathway involved in satiety.
4. Tuberoinfundibular pathway involved in prolactin secretion.

Drugs can affect all pathways, that's why, the side effects. But Parkinson's only hits the nigrostrial pathway.

Study group discussion: Dead space

What is dead space?

Physiologic or total dead space is the sum of anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space. Anatomic dead space is the volume of gas within the conducting zone (as opposed to the transitional and respiratory zones) and includes the trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles; it is approximately 2 mL/kg in the upright position. Alveolar dead space is the volume of gas within unperfused alveoli (and thus not participating in gas exchange either); it is usually negligible in the healthy, awake patient.

Flexion of the head decreases dead space. Why?

Flexion of head decreases anatomical dead space. Therefore, physiological dead space will also be decreased.

Neck extension and jaw protrusion can increase the dead space twofold.

Supine position decreases dead space and the dead space increases in upright position. Why?

In upright position, there is decreased perfusion to the uppermost alveoli.

Intubation decreases dead space by 70 ml approx. Why?

The size of the ET tube is smaller than the trachea. Therefore, reduction in the dead space.

Administration of bronchodilator increases dead space. Why?

The conduction zone, from the nose to the respiratory bronchioles, is dead space. Bronchodilators dilate the brochus and bronchioles and not the alveoli, increasing dead space.

Certain anaesthetics, like halothane and sevoflurane, cause bronchodilation. Hence, an important concept and MCQ.

The cause of increased dead space in general anesthesia is multifactorial, including loss of skeletal muscle tone and loss of bronchoconstrictor tone.

That's all!

Pray that my goals are completed on a timely basis. I need your prayers.

-IkaN