Hello Awesomites! :D
Let us go back to the contribution of neural
crest cells to many different systems (neural, skin, teeth, head, face, heart,
adrenal glands, and gastrointestinal tract).
Neural crest forms neural and non-neural population.
-Cranial neural crest
-cardiac neural crest
-trunk neural crest
-Vagal neural crest
So,
Malformations of NC origin
-Facial clefts, ear malformations, and other Facial
defects
-Branchial fistulae and anomalies of pharyngeal arch
derivatives
-Cardiovascular malformations
-Pigmentary disorders
-Abnormal enteric innervation
-Tumors
-Hemangiomas and vascular malformations
1. Facial clefts, ear malformations, and other facial defects-
The shaping of the face is therefore patterned
under the influence of the NC.
The more common malformations of the region
-preauricular tags
-microtia
-cleft lip, and cleft palate
-CHARGE association
-Treacher Collins, or Goldenhar syndrome.
2. Branchial fistulae and anomalies of pharyngeal arch
derivatives
-Malformations of the endocrine glands that are derived from
the pharyngeal arches and pouches have the same origin. That is:-
The paired thymus which originate from the third pharyngeal
pouch on each side,
The parathyroids, derived from the third (lower glands) and
fourth pharyngeal pouches (upper glands) ,
C-cells of the thyroid (derived from the ultimobranchial
body in the fifth pouch)
-Branchial cyst
3. (IMPORTANT) Cardiovascular malformations
TA, DORV, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), narrow outflow
pulmonary tract (NOPT), transposition of the great vessels, perimembranous
ventricular septal defect (VSD), and other heart defects are the result of
defective NC influence on the region.
4. Pigmentary disorders
-Albinism
-Neurocutaneous melanoses
-neurofibromatosis of Von Recklinghausen
-Tuberous sclerosis and all the gastrointestinal
polyposes in which there are mucosal or cutaneous pigmentary spots (Peutz
Jeghers, Cowden, Cronkhite- Canada etc.)
-neurofibromatosis albinism
5. Abnormal enteric innervation
-Hirschsprung disease
- Neuronal intestinal dysplasia
6. Tumors
Due to abnormal proliferation of NC cells
-Peripheral neuroectodermal tumor
7. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations
The concept that hemangiomas and vascular malformations are
derived from the NC is relatively new, but accepted. The flat vascular
malformations that are located in the areas corresponding to the cutaneous
innervation of the cranial nerves may have intracranial extension (Sturge-Weber
syndrome) and are of this origin.
In next post, I will discuss NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROME as an
extension of this post.
Feel connected: D
-Upasana Y. :)