The mnemonic was quite difficult in its genesis.
But here it is:
The mnemonic was quite difficult in its genesis.
But here it is:
The morphology of crescentic glomerulonephritis seen in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is quite easy, so here i am just sharing the difference between differences in the types of RPGN only:
Points of difference |
Immune complex mediated |
Anti GBM antibody mediated |
Pauci immune type |
|
Endocapillary proliferation |
ü |
û |
û |
|
Mesangial proliferation |
ü |
|
|
|
Immunofluorescence |
Linear staining |
û |
ü |
û |
Granular staining |
ü |
û |
û |
|
Dense immune complex
deposits |
ü |
û |
û |
I hope it will help you in remembering the morphology
In Sha Allah
see you soon with something new again IA
Thank you 😊
Morphology of IgA nephropathy will be derived from its pathogenesis and the disease name.
so the mnemonic is presented here:
Pathogenesis = indicates about role of immunoglobulins and mesangial cells
now about these 2 things take the name of the disease:
IgA = A = All
= all main antibodies in infections (IgA, IgG, IgM)
= all mainly possible mesangial morphologies ranging from mesangial widening, diffuse mesangial proliferation endocapillary proliferation, segmental sclerosis, , to crescentic glomerulonephritis
(remember it by keeping in mind the structure of glomerulus in which from center to periphery comes mycangium, capillaries and then epithelium of glomerulus)
I hope it works for you all again 👽
In Sha Allah!
Thank you 💓
The word that comes first in my mind when i see uncinate written in the book is UNCLE
I don't know why but this is what it is!
so my UnKle is PHD
U = uncinate herniation
K = Kernohan's Notch
P = posterior cerebral artery compression
H = hemiparesis (ipsilateral)
D = Duret hemorrhage (midbrain and pons)
because posterior cerebral artery supply mainly occipital lobe so some problem with eye may occur which is actually related to oculomotor nerve compression (just a linker not the actual pathophysiology)
I hope it works for you all again!
In Sha Allah!
Thank you 💓
Here again I am back with another mnemonic to remember the morphology of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Pathology is fun 😭😂
I hope the feelings are obvious to everyone now lol 😁
this mnemonic will be mainly derived from the name of the disease:
Membrano proliferative Glomerulonephritis:
and then comes the breakdown of the disease name:
tram track appearance
so endothelium, mesangium is proliferating (ME from membrano)
specific types of Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis have these all above said features but certain differences which are mentioned in this table below:
Differences |
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
type 1 |
Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis type 2 (C3 glomerulopathy) |
Dense deposit disease |
C3 deposits |
↑ Deposited in irregular pattern (subendothelial ONLY) |
↑↑ Waxy deposits (mesangial, subendothelial and tubular BM) |
↑↑↑ Ribbon like highly dense deposits (mesangial, subendothelial and tubular BM) |
Classic complement system components |
Present |
Absent |
Absent |
I hope this was fun also for you like always!
I hope it works you again
In Sha Allah!
Thank you 💓
feel free to ask any study related question in the comment section👽
Roll over phenomenon is even though simple thing but still a good memory anchor would be beneficial in future.
so here it is a mnemonic for how to remember roll over phenomenon
what does the word indicate from roll over?
it means roll over something or like that meaning
now look at the picture of its graph, it also shows like as if it just rolled up the hill and then over it and then rolled down the hill like a car. lol
so that is it, the roll over phenomenon, meaning sound intensity is best heard at the peak of the mountain and it decreases on either side of the rolled over mountain.
i hope your brain keep this anchor with it for your life long
In Sha Allah
Thank you
Incubation period of dengue virus is 3-10 days
How to remember this with all so many incubation periods in community medicine?😢
so the solution is in its name:
DENgue
so DEN rhymes with ten
and look at the E in it, flip it and you get 3
so 3-10 days
and that's it 🙈
Allah Hafiz!
Morphology of Focal segmental glomerulonephritis is derived mostly from its name and its pathophysiology.
so here it is:😍
1st word = Focal = only some glomeruli are involved (mainly juxtamedullary)
but it can extent later to whole of cortex as well
2nd word = segmental = only a portion of glomerulus is involved
but later may extend to whole of glomerulus which may extend into interstitium and ultimately tubular atrophy can occur
3rd word = glomerulosclerosis = scarring/fibrosis of glomerulus
scarring hints scarring obviously (fibrosis I mean)
and scarring links to capillary lumen obliteration of glomerulus
(imagine a situation when glomerulus will be sclerosed, it will get contracted and so capillary lumen will also start collapsing) - now link obliteration of capillary lumen with increased mesangial matrix
for this see the diagram of glomerulus and understand that mesangial growth can also compress upon the capillary lumen and cause lumen obliteration
Pathophysiology:
link the morphology with pathophysiology if you are reading pathophysiology of FSGS from Robbins pathology then it has said that some people think that FSGS is a derivative of minimal change disease and the hall mark of minimal change disease is
EFFACEMENT OF PODOCYTES - SO this morphology is also here
and this effacement means leakage of plasma contents seen in minimal change disease that is proteins and lipids so here we see
HYALINOSIS AND LIPID LADEN MACROPHAGES
I HOPE IT WORKS WELL.👀
In Sha Allah!
Hello all !
Pathophysiology of dysbariam depends on the Boyle's law : in which pressure is inversely related to volume
When you descend e.g deep water : Pressure increases and volume decreases
When you ascend : Volume increases and pressure decreases
I will explain the main disorders of Descent and Ascent
Gas we breath contains all gases : including nitrogen.
When you descend the nitrogen gas dissolves in blood and causes the symptoms of nitrogen intoxication.
Management : Ascent
Pressure damage to the ear due to squeezing secondary to the elevated pressures
Management: Ascent , supportive treatment
Volume expansion in every air filled areas of the body e.g GIT, Alveoli
When it occurs in the alveoli it cause the formation of an air embolus into the pulmonary vein : which can travel to the brain - causing stroke, in the heart - causing Myocardial Ischaemia
Usually acute onset : usually within minutes of ascent (e.g from diving)
Management: involves hyperbarric treatment
This is caused by formation of nitrogen gas bubbles (opposite to when you descend where it dissolves)
There are two main types of decompression sickness
i. Type 1
- Usually involving the skin and joints : painful skin and joints
ii. Type 2
- Usually involving the CNS : paraesthesia, paralysis
Management involves : Hyperbarric treatment , Oxygen, Aspirin
NB : patient with type 1 DS : have to avoid air travel for upto one week ,those with type 2 DS : have to avoid air travel for upto 1 month
I hope it was helpful ! For any queries feel free to contact me
Happy reading !
Author : Mohammad Faruk Omar
Emergency Medicine Resident
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
Creating echo boards prep Whatsapp group and general cardiology boards prep Whatsapp group. Please email medicowesome@gmail.com for details :)