Mnemonic for the laryngeal muscles and their actions

Hey people,

We've all tried to remember the laryngeal muscles time and again but it just doesn't stick right?
I devised an easy way which helped me.

Mnemonic: Organisms penetrating an intact Cornea

The organisms affecting the cornea(like pneumococcus) usually do so if there is a preexisting injury especially a breach in the basement membrane of the epithelium.
But some do so despite it being intact, by creating a CHNL.

Hypoxia and radiotherapy

What effect do you think hypoxia would have on radiotherapy?

Okay I know this. Hypoxia kills cells so it should help right?
I'm afraid you couldn't be more wrong.

Mnemonic for Vit B complex

Hey guys, Jay here! These days we are having Nutrition subject and we were studying Vitamin B complex recently. Since it's confusing to me I made a mnemonic using the names of my class mates :P

With all due respect to my classmates who are future physicians, here is my mnemonic! :)

What is the difference between Vegetarianism and Veganism?

Hey guys Jay here once again. Today I thought to talk about a subject matter discussed in our Nutrition class. That is about Vegetarianism and Veganism.

Many think these both terms are interchangeable, but in fact it is NOT!!!

So let us compare Vegetarianism and Veganism...

Dextrorotary or levorotatory and D or L forms

Greetings readers!

Dextrorotary or levorotatory and D or L forms - We hear these terms, especially, in biochemistry of chiral carbon atoms.

Now, I always thought in D-glucose, the D is for dextrorotary. But I was wrong.

Time management and avoiding silly mistakes in exams

"Hello there! Do you have any tips to stay focus and manage my time while doing a paper? I tend to rush and didn't read the questions properly which caused me to make stupid mistakes!" - Asked on Tumbr

Divide number of questions by number of minutes. Have some spare time at the end.

How to keep up with medical school

"I was wondering if you have any tips on how to study daily and not fall behind in med school?" - Asked on Tumblr

“He who fails to plan, plans to fail.”

How to Behave like a Good Doctor? (Part 1)

                     Anybody with a hard earned MD/DO or MBBS(MBChB/BM/MBBChir etc all fall here) can be a doctor. But not every doctor is a good doctor. Not every good doctor can present themselves well and behave as a doctor.

Hello awesomites, I’m Jay here, once again with some insights on How behave as a Doctor in a Clinical setting. Today we had a discussion in our Medical History Lecture about this, I’m basing the article on that. This part 1.

1. Attitude

You should have a proper attitude as a doctor. In front of your patient, you should look confident. You should not be

Electives

Hey guys!

As you all know, I'm preparing for USMLE and I wish to do an Internal Medicine residency in the USA. A part of the process for international medical students requires electives, which is, clinical experience in the US.

I am in Cleveland, Ohio in the months of January - April 2016 for my electives.
I will also be coming to Houston, Texas for my USMLE Step 2 CS exam.

If you're around at that time, I would love to meet you. Please come say hi.

For those of you who have been to the US for electives, please let me know do's and dont's. Anything you wish someone had told you prior to the experience.

I will also be blogging about every tiny detail - From preparation to what I experienced - So that it helps someone like me in the future :)

That's all!

Wish me luck and pray for me.

-IkaN

PS: I will not be disclosing the name of the hospital and specialty on the blog. Reason being patient confidentiality and privacy purposes.

What causes Uthoff's phenomenon in Multiple Sclerosis?

Why do patients with multiple sclerosis experience worsening of neurological symptoms after heat exposure, that is, after taking a hot bath or after exercise?

It's known as Uhthoff's phenomenon.

Uhthoff's phenomena is due to ion channel modifications, in conjunction with thermoregulatory derangements that occur in MS, transiently altering the conduction properties of demyelinated axons.

This is from uptodate:
Heat sensitivity — Heat sensitivity (Uhthoff phenomenon) is a well-known occurrence in MS; small increases in the body temperature can temporarily worsen current or preexisting signs and symptoms.
This phenomenon is presumably the result of conduction block developing in central pathways as the body temperature increases. Normally, the nerve conduction safety factor decreases with increasing temperature until a point is reached at which conduction block occurs; this point of conduction block is reached at a much lower temperature in demyelinated nerves.

(This was discussed on our study group.)

Pathogenesis of tendon rupture by Fluoroquinolones

Study group discussion: Why does ciprofloxacin cause tendinitis or tendon rupture?

The exact pathophysiology of FQ-induced tendinopathy remains elusive; however, some concepts have been suggested:
FQ: Fluoroquinolones

1. FQs are synthetic antibiotics that act by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II). DNA gyrase is directly involved in DNA replication and cell should not exert a negative effect on human cell lines because the affected bacterial enzymes have little homology with mammalian DNA gyrase. However, it is possible that FQs have a direct cytotoxic effect on enzymes found in mammalian musculoskeletal tissue.

2. FQs have chelating properties against several metal ions (e.g., calcium, magnesium, aluminum), and have been known to cause direct toxicity to type 1 collagen synthesis and promote collagen degradation.

3. Animal studies have shown that FQs cause cartilage damage by inducing necrosis of chondrocytes (36 hours after treatment), disruption of the extracellular matrix, and formation of vesicles and fissures at the articular surface.

Review questions and mnemonic on drug induced pancreatitis

(This was discussed in our study group)

Some review questions on drug induced pancreatitis!

Which diuretics can lead to pancreatitis?

Thiazides and furosemide

Which Antiretroviral drugs can lead to pancreatitis?

Didanosine and stavudine

Which antibiotics can lead to pancreatitis?

Metronidazole and tetracyclines

Seizure med leading to pancreatitis?

Valproate

Immunosuppressive drugs leading to pancreatitis?

Azathioprine
L asparaginase

Ok the last one.. Drugs for treatment of IBD leading to pancreatitis?

Sulfasalazine
5-ASA

(Mnemonic, if you need one)
FAV DAM - ATiTiS
Furosemide, Azathioprine, Valproate
Didanosine, Asparginase, Metronidazole
ASA, Tetracycline, Thiazides, Stavudine, Sulfasalazine.