Hi!
Multiple myeloma - everything
P
- malignant Proliferation of Plasma cells derived from a single clone.
- Immunoglobulin produced is a "ParaProtein" (M- protein)
- POEMS syndrome
BONE MARROW INVOLVEMENT
- Pancytopenia
PERIPHERAL BLOOD
- plasma cell leukemia ( greater than 2,000 per mm3 )
BONE INVOLVEMENT
- punched-out lesions in radiographs of flat bones
- bone pain
- pathological fractures
RENAL INVOLVEMENT
- Bence -Jones proteinuria
- production of excess Amyloid protein
- hyPer- calci -emia and -uria
These three result in renal damage and renal failure.
IMMUNE SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT
- prone to infections, particularly in respiratory and urinary tract.
HYPERVISCOSITY SYNDROME
( mnemonic - HPRVSCST )
- Headache
- Postural hypotension
- Retinal venous congestion
- Vertigo
- Strain (blurred vision)
- Congestive cardiac failure
- subtype IgA
- nysTagmus
CLOTTING PROBLEMS
- purpura
- profuse bleeding ( epistaxis, gastrointestinal )
NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- peripheral neuropathy
- compressive myopathy
- carpal tunnel syndrome ( nerve entrapment)
- Amyloidosis.
SERUM STUDIES
- total serum protein raised
- low albumin
- high globulin ( decreased A:G ratio )
- high beta-2 microglobulin ( greater than 5.5 mg/dL means poor prognosis; stage III)
Plasmacytomas in Paraskeletal soft tissues - poor prognosis; treated by palliative radiotherapy.
That's all
Anything more to add, you're most welcome :)
- Jaskunwar Singh
