Attrition

In simple words, Attrition is the loss of tooth structure occlusally due to excessive forces by the occluding teeth, grinding of teeth, deep bite.

Aurora kinases

Hello friends, Let's talk about Aurora kinases today.... Aurora sounds so beautiful, right ?

Aurora kinases represent serine threonine kinases with instrumental role in cell division.

Specifically, Aurora kinase A is required for duplication and separation of centromere, and Aurora B is required for attachment of microtubules to centromere.

They are often over expressed in tumors resulting in defective cytokinesis during cell division, eventually causing aneuploidy and driving the carcinogenesis.

Now, it really gets interesting; usually when functioning of microtubules are perturbed say by paclitaxel, then spindle check point inhibitor is activated leading to cell demise by upregulation of P53, PUMA and other mediators.

But in case of Aurora kinase inhibition, cells keep on dividing especially in case of P53 mutated cells. Since centromeres will not segregate, it ultimately leads to tetraploid genome and four centromeres in a cell, causing catastrophic mitosis in subsequent cell cycle effectively tearing apart the genome.

They are significant because often when other tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR, VEGFR, FGFR are used, tumors over express Aurora kinases, there by over riding the inhibition mediated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.... So targeting them is key to maintain remission in patients already on kinase inhibitors.

Few examples of drugs in trials: Monastrol, Hesperidin.

It's called Aurora because of the similarity between the appearance of microtubule spindles during cell division and Aurora Borealis.

Pretty Majestic, right?

Submitted by Kirtan Patolia 

Risk factors for puerperal sepsis mnemonic

Hi!

Risk factors for puerperal sepsis mnemonic:
PUERPERAL SEPSIS

Maternal complications of diabetes in pregnancy mnemonic

Hi!

Maternal complications of Diabetes in pregnancy mnemonic:
PREGNANCy

JVP documentation

Hi everyone!

Someone questioned on how to document JVP. Just saying JVP is 8 cm is not enough - Say what is your reference for better documentation :)

Cryoprecipitate

Hey! =)

What does cryoprecipitate contain? 
Cryoprecipitate preparations contain concentrated amounts of fibrinogen (factor I), factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor), von Willebrand factor, factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor), and fibronectin.

Why is it called cryoprecipitate?

Radiologic features seen in Osteosarcoma mnemonic

Hi!

Radiologic features seen in Osteosarcoma mnemonic:

SARCOMAtous BONE

Features suggestive of fractured patella mnemonic

Hi!

Features suggesting fracture of patella mnemonic :

Bruised PATELLA

Complications of Colles' fracture mnemonic

Hi!

Complications of Colles' fracture mnemonic:
COMPSSS

Features suggesting severe upper GI bleeding

Hi!

Features suggesting severe UGI bleeding:

Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia causes mnemonics

Hi!

Pharmacologic treatment of pulmonary hypertension (notes and mnemonics)

Hi!

Vasodilator response: A favorable vasodilator response is defined as a fall in mPAP of 10 mm Hg or greater to less than 40 mm Hg with an unchanged or improved cardiac output, in response to an agent such as inhaled NO or IV epoprostenol.

Cardiovocal syndrome - Ortner syndrome

In 1897, Norbert Ortner described hoarseness caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in patients with a large left atrium due to mitral valve stenosis.