Did you know a number of dietary factors influence iron absorption?
Ascorbate (vitamin C) and citrate increase iron uptake in part by acting as weak chelators to help solubilize it in the duodenum.
Hi Everyone ! Here's a short post on Cushing and Curling ulcers.
For Cushing Ulcers you need to remember these key points :
C
U - Ulcerating - can even perforate.
S - Stomach
H - Head injury induced Stress Ulcer
I - lNcreased
N - INcreased
G - Gastric Acid secretion.
Stress ulcers are typically non ulcerative superficial erosions of the gastric mucosa.
They occur when a person is subjected to physical stress in the form of Trauma, Sepsis, Burns, Hemorrhage among many others.
Psychological stress doesn't cause 'Stress ulcers' , although it does pre dispose to getting Peptic Ulcer Disease on its own accord. All the same, it doesn't cause 'Stress ulcer'.
Cushing ulcers are type of stress ulcers occuring secondary to Head injury. They occur in the stomach commonly , and are associated with increased Gastric acid secretion. They are typically erosive and ulcerative , more likely to perforate than other stress ulcers.
Another named stress ulcer is Curling Ulcer occuring secondary to Burns. They occur in the 1st part of duodenum commonly , and are NOT associated with increased Gastric acid secretion.
Presentation :
Painless upper GI bleeding within 1-2 days of traumatic event.
Usually slow and intermittent bleeding.
Diagnosis :
Endoscopy.
(More to rule out other causes of GI bleed rather than ruling this in).
Treatment :
- Treat underlying causes.
- Fluids
- Gastric pH to be maintained > 5 (using PPI like Pantoprazole)
- If lot of bleeding - Ligation of vessel at base of ulcer.
That's all!
Happy studying !
Stay awesome !
~ A.P.Burkholderia
Chemosis is known as oedema of conjunctiva.
Reason:due to exudation from the abnormal capillaries.This retained exudate gives a swollen and gelatinous appearance.
Regions: loosely attached areas of the bulbar conjunctiva and fornices.
Causes: ABC
A: Acute inflammations like gonococcal conjunctivitis, panophthalmitis, dacryocystitis, periostitis, orbital cellulitis.
B: Blood conditions (abnormal) like anaemia, urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, lymphocytic infiltration.
C: Circulatory obstruction in conditions like pulsating exophthalmos or due to pressure of an orbital tumour which may interfere with the lymph and blood drainage.
Thanks for reading.
Madhuri
Hello Awesomites!
Here's a Blog on Tay Sachs Disease and some common questions related to it.
Tay-Sachs disease
It is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Tay–Sachs disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the HEXA genes on chromosome 15. It is inherited from a person's parents in an autosomal recessive manner. The mutation results in problems with an enzyme called beta-hexosamidase A ,located on lysosomes,which results in the build up of the toxin GM2 ganglioside within cells. The most common type, known as infantile Tay–Sachs disease, becomes apparent around three to six months of age with the baby losing the ability to turn over, sit, or crawl. This is then followed by seizures, hearing loss, and inability to move. An eye abnormality called a cherry-red spot, which can be identified with an eye examination, is characteristic of this disorder. Death usually occurs in early childhood. Less commonly the disease may occur in later childhood or adulthood. These forms are generally milder in nature.Diagnosis is by measuring the blood hexosaminidase A level or genetic testing.
Frequently asked questions -
The substance which accumulates in Tay Sach’s disease is Ganglioside.
Deficiency of enzyme Hexosaminidase-A causes Tay Sach’s disease.
Cherry red spot at macula may be seen in Tay Sach’s disease.
That's all!
Thank you.
MD Mobarak Hussain (Maahii)
Hey Awesomites
Stimulation of trigeminal nerve in the face, vagus nerve, or carotid sinus in the neck may cause a reflex drop in heart rate, dilatation of peripheral blood vessels, and constriction of cerebral blood vessels, which leads to a sudden loss of brain perfusion and unconsciousness. This type of knockout is called "neurovascular knockout".
Blow to the eyesocket, as during boxing may cause a similar knockout, called the oculocardiac reflex due to stimulation of trigeminal nerve ( ophthalmic branch ) and vagus nerve.
- Jaskunwar Singh
Let us suppose that a patient has the classic signs & symptoms of Asthma and with that she has eosinophilia ( Absolute eosinophil count above 500/mm3).
The next step should be to look at the serum IgE levels.
If it is also elevated-
1. Do a stool examination and serological testing for strongyloidiasis.
2. Do Aspergillus-skin testing and check for aspergillus specific IgE.
If you have got a positive result for one of the above two, you have your diagnosis.
But what if both of the above results come out to be negative.
Then consider Churg Strauss syndrome or Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
That's it!
-VM