Sunday, December 4, 2016
What is the difference? : Meconium vs. Meconium Ileus
Meconium is the very first stool ("poop") of a Neonate. This is mainly composed of the material that it ingested during its intrauterine life. This can include, amniotic fluid, mucus, bile, intestinal epithelium cells, lanugo and water.
Classical Findings of RDS Infant!
Scarlet fever notes and mnemonic
Hello. How are you awesomites?
Let's talk about scarlet fever today!
Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is characterize by exudative pharyngitis, fever and scarlatiniform rash.
It's caused by erythrogenic toxin producing GABHS (Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci)
Characterized by:
- Fever, headache
- Sore throat, circumoral pallor
- Sandpaper rash (Pinpoint, erythematous blanchable papules), erythema trunk, pastia lines
- Lymphadenopathy
Diagnosis:
- Rapid antigen detection test is specific, but not sensitive.
- If it is negative, do throat culture.
- Elevated ASO, DNAse maybe seen.
Treatment:
- Treatment as long as 9 days after the onset of symptoms prevents rheumatic fever.
- Oral penicillin, amoxicillin for 10 days.
- Cephalosporins, macrolides are alternatives. (Penicillin resistant group A staphylococcus doesn't exist.)
- If adherence problem, intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.
That's all!
The only fever I have is for Scarlett Johansson =P
-IkaN
Erythroblastosis fetalis (HDNF)
It is a condition that develops when Rh-negative women is pregnant with Rh-positive baby .
It causes phagocytosis of the fetus's RBC's (Baby inherits Rh positive antigen from father ).
As mother is Rh-negative , exposure to fetus's antigen causes development of anti-Rh agglutinins .
These agglutinins(mostly IgG antibody ) diffuse through the placenta and enters fetus blood cells and leads to phagocytosis of the RBCs ,which leads to release of hemoglobin into blood !Then fetus's macrophages converts the hemoglobin into bilirubin ,which causes baby skin to become yellow(jaundiced).Although the severe form of anemia is responsible for many deaths of infants ,many children who barely survive the anemia exhibit permanent mental impairment , because of precipitation of bilirubin in the neuronal cells ,causing destruction of many cells , condition known as Kernicterus
It usually doesn't affect the first child ,since sensitization occurs during parturition.However ,if Rh-negative mother was sensitized earlier with Rh antigen then first child can get affected .
Treatment:
1)One treatment of HDNF is to replace the neonate's blood with Rh-negative blood .About 400ml of Rh negative blood is infused over a period of 1.5 or more hours ,while neonate's own blood is removed,the process may be repeated several times during the first week of life ,to prevent Kernicterus .
Prevention:
Anti-D antibody is administered to the expectant mother ,starting at 28-30 weeks of gestation.The anti -D antibody is also administered to Rh-negative women who deliver Rh -positive babies to prevent sensitization of the mothers to the D antigen .This greatly reduces the risk of developing large amounts of D antibodies during second pregnancy !
~ojas
Saturday, December 3, 2016
DON'T use Perfumes to test Olfactory nerve!!! But why?
Our Neurology professor said not to use Perfumes to test Olfactory nerve in Cranial nerve testing. But why?
The updated Glasgow Coma Scale
- We no longer use the term "Pain", but "Pressure"
- We no longer recommend "Sternal Rub", but "Trapezius Pinch" or "Supraorbital notch pressure" or careful "Fingertip pressure"(Peripheral stimulation)
- "To speech" is changed to "To Sound"
- "To pain" is changed to "To pressure"
- "Inappropriate speech" is changed to "Words"
- "Incomprehensible speech" is changed to "Sounds"
- Flexion is defined two way now as "Normal flexion" and "Abnormal flexion"
Friday, December 2, 2016
Anatomy of the larynx: Cartilages
Isn't he just awesome? :D
Thursday, December 1, 2016
Cocaine in the brain - "The Addiction"
Menstrual cycle and related problems
Contrast induced nephropathy notes
Features of contrast induced nephropathy
- Due to iodinated contrast agents (Other agents that cause AKI: Gadolinium for MRI, sodium phosphate solutions as purgatives)
- Prevented by use of non ionic contrast agents, IV hydration, acetyl cysteine.
- Serum Creatinine rises 24-48 hours after exposure. Resolves in a week.
- FeNa low, benign urinary sediment.
- Risk increases in CKD, Diabetic nephropathy, multiple myeloma.
Wednesday, November 30, 2016
Brachial plexus mnemonic
Analgesic nephropathy notes
Analgesic nephropathy
Characterized by:
Renal insufficiency
Papillary necrosis
Due to:
Toxic drug levels in inner medulla
Causes chronic tubulointerstitial damage
Results from papillary ischemia due to vasoconstriction of medullary blood vessels (vasa recta)
Caused by:
Phenacetin containing preparations
Aspirin
Caffeine
Symptoms:
Polyuria (Due to impaired concentrating ability)
NAGMA (Due to tubular damage)
Hematuria (Due to sloughed necrotic papilla)
Sterile pyuria and WBC casts may also be seen
Ureteric colic, obstruction (Due to sloughed necrotic papilla)
At increased risk of:
Premature aging
Atherosclerotic vascular disease
Urinary tract cancer
That's all!
-IkaN
Tuesday, November 29, 2016
Radial nerve mnemonic
I am gonna put radial nerve in the simplest form mostly including mnemonics how to learn it's huge muscles supply!
Remember when you were in 1st year and how these nerves used to test your patience?! Let's make it easy.
-Nerve root: C5-T1
-Sensory nerve supply:
Skin of dorsal surface of forearm
Lateral side of the dorsal part of palm
Lateral 3 & 1/2 digits
-Motor nerve supply:
(It supplies extensor compartment)
Here is mnemonic
S: Supinator.
I: Extensor indices.
D: Extensor Digitorum.
B: Brachioradialis.
A: Anconeus.
T: Triceps.
C: Extensor carpi radialis longus.
C: Extensor carpi radialis brevis .
A: Anconeus.
P: Extensor pollicis brevis.
P: Extensor pollicis Longus.
CU: Extensor carpi ulnaries.
ED: Extensor digiti minimi.
So mnemonic is
SID (C)CAP(P) (Read it as cap!) BAT Cu-ed.
Remember:
Cu = Extensor carpi ulnaris (Supplied by radial nerve not ulnar nerve as it is extensor muscle)
~ Ojas
Monday, November 28, 2016
Treatment of TTP mnemonic
Safia made a mnemonic of TTP and sent it to Medicowesome, hoping it would help someone. So sweet!
Treatment of TTP: CART
C: corticosteroids
A: asprin
R: rituximab
T: transfusion
In emergency situations, transfuse blood first!
Thanks Safia.
-IkaN
Cranial nerves type mnemonics
Here is one of the mnemonics which I made to remember types of cranial nerves
1)Olfactory -Sensory
2)Optic. -Sensory
3)Occulomotor-Motor
4)Pathetic(Trochlear)-Motor
5) Trigeminal-Mixed
6)Abducens-Motor
7)Facial-Mixed
8) Auditory-Sensory
9) Glossopharyngeal-Mixed
10)Vagus-Mixed
11)Spinal accessory-Motor
12) Hypoglossal-motor
"Some say marry money but my brother says beautiful bride matters more!"
S-Sensory ;M-Motor ;B-Both (Mixed)
~Ojas
Sunday, November 27, 2016
Contraindications of thrombolytic therapy
BISHOPS
B = Bleeding disorder .
I = Intracranial Hemorrhage.
S = Stroke past 3 months .
H = Head injury past 3 months .
O =Oesophageal varices.
P = Pregnancy.
S =Surgery.
Made by: Khushboo shaikh
Written by: Ojas gite
Saturday, November 26, 2016
Step 2 CK: Mortality benefit in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Things that have a mortality benefit in CHF mnemonic: "ABCDES"
A: ACEI and ARBS
B: Beta blockers
CD: implantable Cardiac Defibirillator
E: Epelerenone
S: Spironolactone
Reading material from UpToDate! =)
T wave Inversion Mnemonic
Friday, November 25, 2016
Cleft lip and palate
Hi friends,
Here's a quick way to remember the cause of Cleft lip and Cleft palate.
LMN
Cleft Lip - failure of fusion of Maxillary and median Nasal prominences!
PPP
Cleft Palate - failure of fusion of two Palatine Processes!
That's all!
-Rippie