In simple words, Attrition is the loss of tooth structure occlusally due to excessive forces by the occluding teeth, grinding of teeth, deep bite.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Monday, November 25, 2019
Aurora kinases
Hello friends, Let's talk about Aurora kinases today.... Aurora sounds so beautiful, right ?
Aurora kinases represent serine threonine kinases with instrumental role in cell division.
Specifically, Aurora kinase A is required for duplication and separation of centromere, and Aurora B is required for attachment of microtubules to centromere.
They are often over expressed in tumors resulting in defective cytokinesis during cell division, eventually causing aneuploidy and driving the carcinogenesis.
Now, it really gets interesting; usually when functioning of microtubules are perturbed say by paclitaxel, then spindle check point inhibitor is activated leading to cell demise by upregulation of P53, PUMA and other mediators.
But in case of Aurora kinase inhibition, cells keep on dividing especially in case of P53 mutated cells. Since centromeres will not segregate, it ultimately leads to tetraploid genome and four centromeres in a cell, causing catastrophic mitosis in subsequent cell cycle effectively tearing apart the genome.
They are significant because often when other tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR, VEGFR, FGFR are used, tumors over express Aurora kinases, there by over riding the inhibition mediated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.... So targeting them is key to maintain remission in patients already on kinase inhibitors.
Few examples of drugs in trials: Monastrol, Hesperidin.
It's called Aurora because of the similarity between the appearance of microtubule spindles during cell division and Aurora Borealis.
Pretty Majestic, right?
Submitted by Kirtan Patolia
Risk factors for puerperal sepsis mnemonic
Hi!
Risk factors for puerperal sepsis mnemonic:
PUERPERAL SEPSIS
Risk factors for puerperal sepsis mnemonic:
PUERPERAL SEPSIS
Maternal complications of diabetes in pregnancy mnemonic
Hi!
Maternal complications of Diabetes in pregnancy mnemonic:
PREGNANCy
Maternal complications of Diabetes in pregnancy mnemonic:
PREGNANCy
Sunday, November 24, 2019
JVP documentation
Hi everyone!
Someone questioned on how to document JVP. Just saying JVP is 8 cm is not enough - Say what is your reference for better documentation :)
Someone questioned on how to document JVP. Just saying JVP is 8 cm is not enough - Say what is your reference for better documentation :)
Friday, November 22, 2019
Cryoprecipitate
Hey! =)
What does cryoprecipitate contain?
Cryoprecipitate preparations contain concentrated amounts of fibrinogen (factor I), factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor), von Willebrand factor, factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor), and fibronectin.
Why is it called cryoprecipitate?
What does cryoprecipitate contain?
Cryoprecipitate preparations contain concentrated amounts of fibrinogen (factor I), factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor), von Willebrand factor, factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor), and fibronectin.
Why is it called cryoprecipitate?
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Radiologic features seen in Osteosarcoma mnemonic
Hi!
Radiologic features seen in Osteosarcoma mnemonic:
SARCOMAtous BONE
Features suggestive of fractured patella mnemonic
Hi!
Features suggesting fracture of patella mnemonic :
Bruised PATELLA
Monday, November 18, 2019
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Pharmacologic treatment of pulmonary hypertension (notes and mnemonics)
Hi!
Vasodilator response: A favorable vasodilator response is defined as a fall in mPAP of 10 mm Hg or greater to less than 40 mm Hg with an unchanged or improved cardiac output, in response to an agent such as inhaled NO or IV epoprostenol.
Vasodilator response: A favorable vasodilator response is defined as a fall in mPAP of 10 mm Hg or greater to less than 40 mm Hg with an unchanged or improved cardiac output, in response to an agent such as inhaled NO or IV epoprostenol.
Cardiovocal syndrome - Ortner syndrome
In 1897, Norbert Ortner described hoarseness caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in patients with a large left atrium due to mitral valve stenosis.
Istradefylline
Istradefylline (Selective Adenosine 2A receptor antagonist), inhibits the adenosine's inhibitory effect on GABAergic transmission in direct nigro-striatal pathway while simultaneously inhibiting adenosine's stimulatory effect on GABAergic transmission in indirect nigro-striato-pallidal pathway, ultimately leading to stimulation of thalamo-stimulatory direct pathway and inhibition of thalamo-inhibitory indirect pathway.
Selinexor
Selinexor (Selective inhibitor of nuclear export) inhibits XPO1 (exporter protein 1).
XPO1 is often overexpressed in tumors leading to transport of tumor suppressor proteins like p16, p14, p27 from nucleus to cytoplasm and there by evading the apoptosis.
XPO1 is often overexpressed in tumors leading to transport of tumor suppressor proteins like p16, p14, p27 from nucleus to cytoplasm and there by evading the apoptosis.
Luspatercept
Here is a submission by Kirtan on Luspatercept!
Luspatercept (recombinant fusion protein containing Activin receptor type IIB moeity) blocks excessive SMAD2/3 activity (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog) lying downstream of TGF-beta signalling by binding endogenous TGF-beta family members, including Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Activin, Inhibin, Lefty A/B, Artemin, Persephin, GDF, GDNF and MIS.
Luspatercept (recombinant fusion protein containing Activin receptor type IIB moeity) blocks excessive SMAD2/3 activity (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog) lying downstream of TGF-beta signalling by binding endogenous TGF-beta family members, including Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Activin, Inhibin, Lefty A/B, Artemin, Persephin, GDF, GDNF and MIS.
Acute type-II respiratory failure causes mnemonic
Hi!
Causes of Acute type-II Respiratory failure mnemonic:
DEPRESSION
Causes of Acute type-II Respiratory failure mnemonic:
DEPRESSION
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Radiologic features seen in pulmonary emphysema mnemonic
Hi!
Radiologic features seen in a case of pulmonary emphysema (Chest X-ray PA view):
mnemonic: PSTR-ANTR
Clinical features of Pneumococcal Pneumonia mnemonic
Hi!
Clinical features of pneumococcal pneumonia mnemonic:
HI STREPTOCOCCUS
Risk factors for pneumococcal pneumonia mnemonic
Hi!
Risk factors for pneumococcal pneumonia mnemonic:
PNEUMONIA
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Ventricular demand pacing
Hey!
I came across a patient with VVIR pacing today. I was wondering why we didn't do DDD instead. Let's learn what it is and why (In short!)
I came across a patient with VVIR pacing today. I was wondering why we didn't do DDD instead. Let's learn what it is and why (In short!)
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