Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Mnemonic for Cherry π Red spots in Eye
Sunday, December 29, 2019
Mnemonic for Antibodies in SLE & it's Clinical Importance
Here is a hack.
ANA = All Negative Absent = All Positive identified = Highest Sensitivity ( So best Screening Test )
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Mnemonic for Dawn & Somogyi phenomenon
Sonographic diagnostic features of monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy
Friday, December 27, 2019
Indications of long‐term oxygen therapy
I was discussing the indications of long‐term oxygen therapy with a friend today...
Long‐term continuous oxygen therapy, ideally for ≥18 h/day is indicated when:
1. Daytime partial arterial oxygen concentration (PaO2) is ≤ 55 mm Hg at rest or a pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) less than or equal to 88 percent.
2. Daytime PaO2 is 56–59 mm Hg and there is evidence for hypoxic organ damage (right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension or polycythaemia)
Fact of the day: AHN in old age
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Authors' diary: Battling jealousy
I read comment on YouTube recently, "There are people who don't even share their notes and there are people like you who help others with their work..."
I know that feeling. It stems from a number of negative emotions. One of them is jealousy or envy - The intolerance in seeing someone else succeed more than you.
Treatment resistant depression notes
Treatment resistant depression: Major depressive episodes that do not respond satisfactorily to at least two trials of antidepressant monotherapy.
Things to consider:
Assess adherence
Identify comorbidities
Reassess diagnosis
Treatment strategies:
Augmentation (adding a treatment)
Switching treatment
Monday, December 23, 2019
Important Mnemonics for Oral hypoglycaemic drugs in Diabetes
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Therapeutics in Sickle Cell Anemia
(1) Voxelotor (HbS polymerization inhibitor) binds covalently to N-terminal valine of alpha chain of HbS (around 30% of HbS in individual cell) stabilizing it's oxygenated form and causing left ward shift of dissociation curve without impairing oxygen delivery to tissues.
Consistently reduces hemolysis and viscosity with in 2 weeks of administration... FIRST EVER therapy targeting core defect.
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Benign vs Malignant pulmonary calcifications mnemonic
Malignant calcifications are ***SuPER bad*** :P
S: Spiculated
P: Punctate
E: Eccentric
R: Reticular
I use those 3 starts (***) to remind me of punctate.(vs the other P of Popcorn in the benign lesions)
Bening ones are the rest:
Popcorn, laminated, concentric and diffuse homogeneous
-Murad
Check the other amazing mnemonic by Drashtant in the comments section below :)
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Inferior wall MI treatment mnemonic
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Lower back pain notes
Here are my quick and dirty notes on Low back pain (LBP) mostly seen in ambulatory medicine! I will not be going into evidence-based medicine (EBM) physical examination (PE) findings but I have put a quick note for conditions you can test on PE so you can look them up.
Hepatorenal Syndrome: An Overview
Cirrhosis + Ascites + Renal Failure = HRS, after excluding other causes of kidney damage.
How common is HRS?
1 in 10 patients of advanced cirrhosis or acute liver failure develop HRS.
How does HRS happen?
Abnormal haemodynamics, that's how. Pathogen, faulty immune system and mesenteric angiogenesis result in splanchnic and systemic vasodilation but renal vasoconstriction. Other factors maybe contributory.
Types and management
Type 1: Rapidly progressive, median survival about 2 weeks. Haemodialysis may be required.
Type 2: Slowly progressive, median survival about 6 months. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) maybe required.
Liver and/or kidney transplant maybe considered for both types.
Thanks for reading.
- Ashish Singh.
Dihydropyridine vs non-Dihydropyridine CCBs mnemonic
I hope that the following mnemonic will help in reminding you which one is Dihydro and which one is not :D :
The mnemonic (remember DIE HARD movie and Bruce Willis)
I am a DIe Hard FAN
DIHydropyridine CCBs:
FAN
F- felodipine
A- amlodipine
N- nicardipine
So non-Dihydropyridine CCBs are Verapamil and Dilitazem.
http://woanchyi818.blogspot.com/2015/03/calcium-channel-blockers-ccbs.html
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Topical vs Oral antifungal mnemonic
Well, you can use the following mnemonic:
Tinea CAPitis => Imagine a CAP covering your head/scalp so you need a systemic treatment => Oral treatment (eg: Terbinafine) to reach it.
Scientifically, the systemic/oral treatment is needed to reach the hair shaft.
Tinea Corporis: Since Tinea Capitis is the oral one, Tinea Corporis is the topical one :)
Murad :)
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Classification and causes of hyponatremia mnemonics + notes
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Attrition
Monday, November 25, 2019
Aurora kinases
Risk factors for puerperal sepsis mnemonic
Risk factors for puerperal sepsis mnemonic:
PUERPERAL SEPSIS
Maternal complications of diabetes in pregnancy mnemonic
Maternal complications of Diabetes in pregnancy mnemonic:
PREGNANCy
Sunday, November 24, 2019
JVP documentation
Someone questioned on how to document JVP. Just saying JVP is 8 cm is not enough - Say what is your reference for better documentation :)
Friday, November 22, 2019
Cryoprecipitate
What does cryoprecipitate contain?
Cryoprecipitate preparations contain concentrated amounts of fibrinogen (factor I), factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor), von Willebrand factor, factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor), and fibronectin.
Why is it called cryoprecipitate?
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Radiologic features seen in Osteosarcoma mnemonic
Features suggestive of fractured patella mnemonic
Monday, November 18, 2019
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Pharmacologic treatment of pulmonary hypertension (notes and mnemonics)
Vasodilator response: A favorable vasodilator response is defined as a fall in mPAP of 10 mm Hg or greater to less than 40 mm Hg with an unchanged or improved cardiac output, in response to an agent such as inhaled NO or IV epoprostenol.
Cardiovocal syndrome - Ortner syndrome
Istradefylline
Selinexor
XPO1 is often overexpressed in tumors leading to transport of tumor suppressor proteins like p16, p14, p27 from nucleus to cytoplasm and there by evading the apoptosis.
Luspatercept
Luspatercept (recombinant fusion protein containing Activin receptor type IIB moeity) blocks excessive SMAD2/3 activity (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog) lying downstream of TGF-beta signalling by binding endogenous TGF-beta family members, including Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), Activin, Inhibin, Lefty A/B, Artemin, Persephin, GDF, GDNF and MIS.
Acute type-II respiratory failure causes mnemonic
Causes of Acute type-II Respiratory failure mnemonic:
DEPRESSION
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Radiologic features seen in pulmonary emphysema mnemonic
Clinical features of Pneumococcal Pneumonia mnemonic
Risk factors for pneumococcal pneumonia mnemonic
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Ventricular demand pacing
I came across a patient with VVIR pacing today. I was wondering why we didn't do DDD instead. Let's learn what it is and why (In short!)
Causes of primary hypothyroidism mnemonic
Common causes of primary hypothyroidism:
( mnemonic: DR. HIT )
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Fact of the day - BUC in UGI bleed
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis mnemonic
Monday, November 11, 2019
Extra - articular manifestations of RA ( Notes and mnemonic )
Extra- articular manifestations of Rheumatoid arthritis :
( mnemonic - NOVELA is FrickiN' Hot! )
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Multiple Myeloma notes and mnemonics
Multiple myeloma - everything P
That's all
Anything more to add, you're most welcome :)
- Jaskunwar Singh
Saturday, November 9, 2019
How to calculate SVR and PVR using Ohm's law
Ohms law: Current (I) equals the voltage difference (ΞV) divided by resistance (R)
Simplified, V=IR
In hemodynamics, what is voltage difference? The pressure difference or pressure gradient! (ΞP)
Friday, November 8, 2019
Drugs causing Thrombocytopenia mnemonic
Monday, November 4, 2019
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Pulmonary hypertension notes
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mm Hg or greater measured during right heart catheterization.
(How I remember the number 25 - PH: 2 letters, Hyper: 5 letters).
Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension mnemonic
"A heart lung chronic thrombotic unclarity"
1: pulmonary Arterial hypertension
2: PH due to left-sided heart disease
3: PH due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia
4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and other pulmonary artery obstructions
5: PH with unclear or multifactorial causes
The transpulmonary pressure gradient (TPG): The difference between mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and left atrial pressure (LAP, commonly estimated by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PCWP).
A TPG of >12 mmHg would result in a diagnosis of “out of proportion” pulmonary hypertension - suggesting intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease in patients with left-heart conditions associated with increased pulmonary venous pressure.
Will update post as I learn more...
-IkaN
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome in interatrial right-to-left shunt
Platypnea (flat breathing): Dyspnea induced by upright posture and relieved by recumbency.
Orthodeoxia: Arterial oxygen desaturation accentuated by upright posture and improved by recumbency.
Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Post-LP Headache
Here's all you need to you know about that nasty headache some patients get, after a lumbar puncture (LP).
How common?
Up to one-thirds of all cases.
What are the risk factors?
None. Despite years of anecdotal advice to the contrary, none of the following has ever been scientifically shown to be a risk factor: position during or after the procedure; hydration status before, during or after; amount of CSF removed; immediate activity or rest post-LP.
When does it happen?
Within 24 hours of LP.
How does it present?
Let's SOCRATES the pain here.
Site: Frontal > Occipital
Onset: Acute
Character: Dull aching
Radiation: None
Association: Mild neck stiffness, nausea
Time Course: Lasts for 2 days to 2 weeks
Exacerbating factor: Sitting upright or standing, and so the relieving factor is lying down
Severity: Varies
What is the pathology?
Thought to be continued leakage of CSF from the puncture site and intracranial hypotension. Other neuro-vascular mechanisms may be involved.
How do I prevent it?
Using the smallest practical needle and keeping the bevel facing up. Before withdrawing the needle, reinserting the stilette.
How do I treat it?
It's self limiting. Can use analgesia, as per WHO Pain Ladder. In extreme cases, can also involve an anaesthetist for an epidural 'blood patch'.
Know something you'd like to add? Let me know.
Thank you for reading. Have a nice rest of the day, you.
- Ashish Singh
Monday, October 28, 2019
Ashman beat
What's an Ashman beat?
An aberrant PVC, usually of RBBB morphology, which follows a short RR interval and is preceded by a relatively prolonged RR interval.
The mechanism is pretty cool!
Retinoic Acid and Malignancy
This is going to be short post.
Relevant for exams.
All trans retinoic acid is used in APML (ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA)
Cis retinoic acid and derivatives like 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cRA) reduces second aerodigestive tract tumors in patients with resected head and neck cancers.
13-cis RA is used in Neuroblastoma.
Happy studying.
-Upasana Y.
Differentiation syndrome
AML (M3) also known as acute promyelocytic leukemia.
The drug is ATRA+As2o3 ( All trans retinoic acid +arsenic trioxide).
After few days from therapy :-
unexplained fever,
acute respiratory distress with interstitial pulmonary infiltrates,
and/or a vascular capillary leak syndrome
leading to acute renal failure.
Suspect :-
Differentiation syndrome (DS), formerly known as retinoic acid syndrome, is the main life-threatening complication of therapy with differentiating agents (all-trans retinoic acid [ATRA] or arsenic trioxide [ATO]) in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
The differentiation of leukemic blasts and promyelocytes induced by ATRA and/or ATO may lead to cellular migration, endothelial activation, and release of interleukins and vascular factors responsible of tissue damage.
Roughly one quarter of patients with APL undergoing induction therapy will develop the DS.
Treatment -
Early therapy with intravenous corticosteroids. The use of invasive diagnostic techniques, such as bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage or lung biopsy, is not usually required in patients with suspected DS and respiratory distress with lung infiltrates.
Be careful with invasive procedure as these patients have concomitant coagulopathy (DIC like state)
The early administration of high-dose dexamethasone at the onset of the first signs or symptoms of DS is crucial, since it appears to dramatically reduce mortality of this complication.
HAPPY STUDYING :)
-Upasana Y.
Friday, October 25, 2019
Route of bisphosphonate administration mnemonic
IVZ: Intravenous zoledronic acid (once a year)
oRAl: Oral bisphosphonates are Risedronate and Alendronate
- IkaN
Denosumab
This post is on Denosumab!
MOA:
- Monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor ΞΊB ligand (RANKL)
- Reduces bone resorption by inhibiting the development of osteoclasts
Route: SC
Dosing: Administered twice yearly
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Quinsy Complication
This post is written by Sweta Senthil.
I don't know why she targeted me to make this mnemonic but it makes sense to remember the complication of Quinsy.
So mnemonic is "OJAS Pee"
Edema of larynx
Jugular Vein Thrombosis
Abscess of Lung/Pneumonitis
Septicemia, Spontaneous hemorrhage
Parapharyngeal Abscess
That's it!
Sunday, September 1, 2019
IOLs- most important optical zone
Most common answer would be the centre.
That however is not the case as the light rays pass undeviated right through the centre.
In fact, phakic IOLs have an opening right in the centre for aqueous to circulate.
The most important part is the pericentral area, as the refracted rays through this area get focussed on the macula.
-Sushrut
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
Bell's phenomenon
It is the motion of the eyeball during lid closure and is a reflex between the occulomotor and the facial nerves. There are 4 types-
1. Normal- Upward and outward movement of
the eyeball.
2. Inverse- Upward but inward movement.*
3. Reverse- Downward movement.*
4. Perverse- Lateral movement.
*Some authors opine that inverse is downward and outward while reverse is upward and inward.
The Bell's phenomenon is of importance in ptosis and lag ophthalmos surgeries .
-Sushrut
T cells in traumatic optic neuropathy- summoning the devilπ
Traumatic optic neuropathy is a tough nut to crack. High dose steroids and surgical decompression were the empirical modes of management. There is an ongoing search to save the optic nerve in trauma.
The innate adaptive T cell response has been deemed to be protective in traumatic optic neuropathy. It supposedly acts against the self directed antigens in traumatic optic neuropathy. The response can be augmented or induced depending upon an individual.
Other modalities are monisialogangliosides, neurotropic growth factors, and gene transfer of anti inflammatory cytokines.
A new group of steroids, the 'lazaroids' (great name that!) or 21 amino steroids provide free radical binding capability inherent to the group sans the glucorticoid activity.
-Sushrut
Saturday, August 24, 2019
Being street-smart during interviews: Apps/Websites
Well, these apps and websites are really useful to save money, get some of your money back, get cash and to redeem many offers!
1- Google rewards
A very simple app by Google in which you have to answer a survey and get money from that. For Iphone users, you can redeem each 2 dollars or let them accumulate (survey value can be as low as 10 cents up to 50- 60 cents or even more). For Android users, you can use the money to buy apps/rent movies ..etc in Play Store.
It is said online that when you go to new places the app may send you more surveys. Keep your location service turned on. The process may take sometime but anyway, you lose nothing, it’s free :D
Go download the app from App store or Play store now!
2-Ibotta
Ibotta is one of the available rebate apps. Check the offers in the app, tick them and then buy the thing you need from available places- whether online via the app or in-store-. Nearly all the superstores (Walmart, Kroger, Target) and famous online stores (Amazon) are there. You can redeem your money after you accumulate 20 dollars via Vimeo or PayPal. You get money when you refer friends and you all may get money when you all work as one team!
Here is the link for the app, let us make one big team :D
https://ibotta.com/r/avalwqu.
(better to open the phone using your phone directly)
3- Sweatcoin
As this app advertises itself: “It pays to walk”. This amaaazing app converts your steps into “sweatcoins”. You can use your sweatcoins to redeem many offers through the apps. As of now, one of the offers is an iphone XS or a 1000$ cash if you collect 20000 sweatcoins in 2 years! Offers include small electronics, clothes, music services...etc.
This app can be your friend during the whole match journey as well as when you go to the gym, you ll collect these coins without even trying :D
Psst..one more thing, when you refer anyone, both of you will get 5 sweatcoins so use the link below to download it..Get 5 sweatcoins for free and refer your friends.
This app will literally encourages you to “move it move it”
https://sweatco.in/w/murad665752
4- MileagePlus X (from United)
One of the best apps to travel for free! When you collect 10K or 12.5K miles through this app, you can simply book a flight for free using the miles you earned!
Many merchants are included within this app (Starbucks, Airbnb, The Home Depot, Uber, Walmart, Under Armour..etc). Just buy a gift card through the app and use it to pay at these places whether in-store or online. Miles range from as low as 0.5 Mile per each dollar spent to 12 Miles per dollar with some offers time limited. Before buying from any store, check this app and see if you can get some miles :)
The app also has MileagePlus dining which will give you miles when you eat in participating restaurants! Treat yourself and your stomach and get some free miles :D
5- Google Express
This nice app from google will not let give you money per se but it will help you in comparing the price of one product between different stores (Walmart, Target..etc). It comes with a cool 20$ (up to 20$) off your first purchase through the app.
6- Retailmenot and Slickdeals
These 2 websites will have deals and coupons for different things. Check them, crop or copy the coupon, buy for less.
www.retailmenot,com
https://slickdeals.net
7--Honey (extension)
Add this extension to your browser and it ll look for any working coupon that your can use when you are doing your online shopping on Amazon.
Let me know if you know other apps that should be added to this list!
-Murad :)
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Human milk bank
Update for community medicine:-
Because some infants could not be fed by their mothers (early demise of mothers or chronic illness), humans have adopted substitute feedings.
1.Human breast milk bank (recent advance)
2.Infant formula feed
3.Fortified human milk for premature infants
The MoHFW launched the National Human Milk Bank at Lady Hardinge Medical College-the first government-run human milk bank, and at present, the country’s largest.
The human milk bank and lactation counselling centre, 'Vatsalya - Maatri Amrit Kosh', will collect, pasteurise, test and store milk donated by lactating mothers and make it available for infants in need.
Aanchal, the mother’s milk bank established in 18 district government hospitals of Rajasthan.
Beneficiaries will mainly be premature babies (born below 32 weeks of gestation) and IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) infants.
Following is the link for further read and research :-
Key guidelines for human milk bank
Recent news article on human milk bank
Happy Studying!
Upasana Y.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Breast feeding in special cases
-HIV positive mother
-Active Pulmonary TB
-Working mothers
CONTRAINDICATION OF BREASTFEEDING :
- HIV, HTLV-1 and 2
- Inborn error of metabolism LIKE GALACTOSEMIA AND PHENYLKETONURIA
- Untreated case of tuberculosis
- Herpes lesion on mothers’ breast
- Mother on certain medication like anti-cancer drug or radioactive isotope etc.
- IS THERE ANY RELATION BETWEEN BREASTFEEDING AND RISK OF TRANSMISSION?
- DO ART HAS ANY ROLE TO DECREASE THE TRANSMISSION?
ARV INTERVENTION
|
RISK OF HIV TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO CHILD
|
NO ARV BREASTFEEDING +
|
30-45%
|
NO ARV BREASTFEEDING -
|
20-25%
|
3ARVS(ART) BREASTFEEDING +
|
2%
|
3ARVS(ART) BREASTFEEDING -
|
1%
|
HOW TO KNOW THE HIV STATUS OF CHILDREN LESS THAN 18 MONTHS?
METHOD USED - DNA PCR on a DRIED BLOOD SAMPLES OF INFANT
TEST PERFORMED -
- 6 WEEKS
- 6 MONTHS
- 6 WEEKS AFTER CESSATION OF BREAST FEEDING (if being EBF)
- 18 MONTHS
PEDIATRIC COMPONENT IN PPTCT
- DURATION OF NEVIRAPINE PROPHYLAXIS TO HIV EXPOSED INFANT SHOULD BE MINIMUM OF 6 WEEKS.
- INITIATION OF BREAST FEEDING WITHIN AN HOUR OF DELIVERY AS THE PREFERED OPTION
- CONTINUE BF ATLEAST FOR 1 YEAR FOR THOSE WITH HIV -VE STATUS AND 2 YEARS FOR HIV +STATUS OF CHILDREN
- ENSURE INITIATION OF CO TRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLACTIC THERAPY AT 6 WEEK OF AGE
MATERNAL COMPONENT IN PPTCT
“ART TO ALL PREGNANT AND BREASTFEEDING WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV “
TARGET POPULATION
|
ART REGIMEN
|
PREGNANT AND BREAST FEEDING WOMEN WITH HIV
BUT NOT ON ART
|
TDF+3TC+EFV
|
PREGNANT WOMEN AND BREAST FEEDING WOMEN WITH HIV AND RECIEVING ART
|
THE SAME ART REGIMEN MUST BE CONTINUED
|
AFASS
AFASS CRIETRIA is used to decide whether a HIV positive mother can breast feed or not provided that she has not started top feed yet.
(Why? Once the mother started to top feed the child, this criteria is not used. HIV positive mother in such case should continue top feed. Because mixed kind of feed is more dangerous than top feed alone)
- Acceptable: The mother perceives no problem in replacement feeding.
- Feasible: The mother (or family) has adequate time, knowledge, skills, resources and support to correctly mix formula or milk and feed the infant up to 12 times in 24 hours.
- Affordable: The mother and family, with community or health system support if necessary, can pay the cost of replacement feeding without harming the health or nutrition status of the family.
- Sustainable: Availability of a continuous supply of all ingredients needed for safe replacement feeding for up to one year of age or longer.
- Safe: Replacement foods are correctly and hygienically prepared and stored, and fed preferably by cup.
QUESTIONS
- Where do you get your drinking water?
- What kind of latrine/toilet do you have?
- How much money could you afford for formula each month?
Ps: calculate the amount based on the local costs
- Do you have a refrigerator with reliable power?
- Can you prepare each feed with boiled water and clean utensils?
- How would you arrange night feeds?
- Does your family know that you are HIV positive?
- Is your family supportive of milk feeding and are they willing to help
MANAGEMENT OF BABY BORN TO MOTHER WITH TUBERCULOSIS:-
- Continue exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age & thereafter as in normal population.
- Start ATT for mother immediately. Mother will be non infective within 2 months of regular ATT
- Preventive Chemotherapy for baby (INH 5 mg/kg/day for 6 months)
- Use face mask while around the baby, till 2 months after starting ATT.
- BCG Vaccine at birth.Something is better than Nothing!
- Re- immunized with BCG after stopping Preventive Chemotherapy.
- (Remember, it's not only mother, Anybody (with TB) around can infect the baby with Tuberculosis!)
Is ATT drug concentration in breast milk sufficient for the baby? NO
NAME OF THE GROUP
|
BREAST FEEDING
|
BARRIER METHOD
|
ISOLATION
|
BCG VACCINATION
|
IAP
|
TO CONTINUE
|
COUGH HYGIENE
|
1.IF MOTHER ON TREATMENT -NOT REQUIRED
2.IF MOTHER HOSPITALIZED, NON-ADHERENT TO THERAPY,MDR-TB - ISOLATION REQUIRED
|
AT BIRTH
OR
EVEN WITH INH PROPHYLAXIS
|
DOTS
|
ONLY IF MOTHER IS SPUTUM NEGATIVE
|
FACE MASK
|
IF MOTHER HAS ACTIVE DISEASE,NON-COMPLIANT AND HAS RECIEVED ATT PRIOR TO DDELIVERY
|
POSTPONED
OR DONE
WITH INH RESISTANT OF BCG VACCINE
|
AAP
|
ONLY IF MOTHER IS ON ATT
|
FACE MASK
|
MDR -TB AND NON COMPLIANT
|
GIVE BCG IN THESE MDR TB MOTHER
|
WHO
|
TO CONTINUE
|
FACE MASK
|
MDR -TB
|
INH THERAPY COMPLETED THEN AFTER 2 WEEK OF COMPLETION BCG VACCINE GIVEN
|
For How long can expressed breast milk is stored?
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
|
8-10 HOURS
|
IN A REFRIGERATOR
|
24 HOURS
|
IN A DEEP FREEZER (-20 degree)
|
3 MONTHS
|
HAPPY STUDYING !
-UPASANA Y.